A catalyst may suppress pressure loss and coaking and produce a target substance in high yield when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted using the catalyst to produce the target substance. A ring-shaped catalyst may have a straight body part and a hollow body part, which is used when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted to produce a target substance, wherein a length of the straight body part is shorter than a length of the hollow body part and at least at one end part, a region from an end part of the straight body part to an end part of the hollow body part is concavely curved.

An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst ensuring that when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted using a catalyst to produce a target substance, the pressure loss and coking are suppressed and the target substance can be produced in high yield. The present invention is related to a ring-shaped catalyst having a straight body part and a hollow body part, which is used when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted to produce a target substance, wherein a length of the straight body part is shorter than a length of the hollow body part and at least at one end part, a region from an end part of the straight body part to an end part of the hollow body part is concavely curved.

An electrocatalyst material comprising cuprous oxide and antimony, the process for the production thereof and its use in the electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 to CO with high selectivity and efficiency are described.

The invention relates to a catalyst for preparation of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed reactor, a method of preparing the same, and use of the same, wherein a method according to an embodiment of the invention comprises: reacting a metal precursor with an alkaline substance to obtain a slurry containing insoluble compound, followed by filtering and washing the slurry; adding a binder and deionized water, followed by agitation to regulate the solid content of the slurry to 10-50%; subjecting the slurry to spray drying granulation, wherein the temperature at the feed port is controlled between 200-400° C., and the temperature at the discharge port is controlled between 100-160° C., to obtain catalyst microspheres; and drying the catalyst microspheres at 80-200° C. for 1-24 h, and then calcining the catalyst microspheres at 500-900° C. for 4-24 h to obtain a catalyst having a general formula of FeXaYbZcOd, comprising Fe, Mg, Zn, Bi, Mo, Mn, Ni, Co, Ba, Ca, and other metals. The catalyst microspheres prepared according to the exemplary method exhibit high mobility, desirable particle size distribution, extremely high mechanical strength and catalytic activity, and are applicable to industrial production of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed. When this catalyst is used to prepare butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene, the yield of butadiene is 76-86%, and the selectivity to butadiene is 94-97%.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) system includes a bismuth strontium cobalt oxide.

The present invention is generally related to a novel catalytic composition and a method for the production of 1,4 -butynediol by catalytic ethynylation of formaldehyde, the said method is known as the Reppe reaction. The invented catalyst with lower copper content would provide an advantageous combination of improved utilization efficiency of copper, reduced copper leaching and enhanced filterability, and has minimal to no impact on catalytic activity.

The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst comprising in its unreduced form a) Fe as catalytically active metal, b) an alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal in an alkali metal- and/or alkaline-earth metal-containing promoter, the alkali metal, c) and a further promoter comprising, or consisting of, one or more element(s) selected from the group of boron, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium and tellurium, to a process for the synthesis of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, to a hydrocarbon synthesis process which is operated in the present of such a catalyst and to the use of such a catalyst in a hydrocarbon synthesis process.

The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst comprising in its unreduced form a) Fe as catalytically active metal, b) an alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal in an alkali metal- and/or alkaline-earth metal-containing promoter, the alkali metal, c) and a further promoter comprising, or consisting of, one or more element(s) selected from the group of boron, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium and tellurium, to a process for the synthesis of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, to a hydrocarbon synthesis process which is operated in the present of such a catalyst and to the use of such a catalyst in a hydrocarbon synthesis process.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.

A system suitable for oxidizing ammonia with oxygen in the presence of catalysts is described. The system includes a reactor equipped with at least one supply line for a reactant gas mixture and at least one discharge line for a process gas; a catalyst comprising at least one transition metal oxide that is not an oxide of a platinum metal; and a device for adjusting a molar ratio of oxygen to ammonia of less than or equal to 1.75 mol/mol in the reactant gas mixture by mixing an oxygen-containing gas stream having an O.sub.2 content of <20% by volume with a chosen amount of ammonia. The oxygen-containing gas stream is produced by a device for: diluting an air stream with a gas stream comprising less than 20% by volume oxygen; or depleting oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas mixture, preferably from air; or by a combination thereof.