The present invention provides a metal carbonitride comprising: i) a first metal, M.sup.1; and ii) a second metal, M.sup.2; wherein M.sup.1 is titanium, zirconium or hafnium; and M.sup.2 is vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, ruthenium or osmium.

A non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating and method of making and using the coating. The non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating is disposed on a base material, such as a metal or ceramic; and the nanocomposite consists essentially of a matrix of an alloy selected from the group of Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt and Re which are catalytically active for cracking of carbon bonds in oils and greases and a grain structure selected from the group of borides, carbides and nitrides.

A non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating and method of making and using the coating. The non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating is disposed on a base material, such as a metal or ceramic; and the nanocomposite consists essentially of a matrix of an alloy selected from the group of Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt and Re which are catalytically active for cracking of carbon bonds in oils and greases and a grain structure selected from the group of borides, carbides and nitrides.

Method for treating a carbon black tail gas wherein the carbon black tail gas is catalytically oxidized to produce an oxidized tail gas. The oxidized tail gas is then treated to remove particulate matter and sulfur oxides. If present, nitrogen oxides can be also removed.

The present invention relates to the field of catalytic cracking, and discloses a composition capable of reducing CO and NOx emissions, the preparation method and use thereof, and a fluidized catalytic cracking method. The inventive composition capable of reducing CO and NOx emissions comprises an inorganic oxide carrier, and a first metal element, optionally a second metal element, optionally a third metal element and optionally a fourth metal element supported on the inorganic oxide carrier, wherein the first metal element includes Fe and Co, and wherein the weight ratio of Fe to Co is 1:(0.1-10) on an oxide basis. The inventive composition has better hydrothermal stability and higher activity of reducing CO and NOx emissions in the flue gas from the regeneration.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a MXene nanodot core-carbon shell multifunctional catalyst including a MXene nanodot core and a carbon shell surrounding the MXene nanodot core. By introducing the carbon shell surrounding the nanodot core, the stability of the catalyst is ensured, thereby providing effects in that the catalyst may function under various conditions.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a MXene nanodot core-carbon shell multifunctional catalyst including a MXene nanodot core and a carbon shell surrounding the MXene nanodot core. By introducing the carbon shell surrounding the nanodot core, the stability of the catalyst is ensured, thereby providing effects in that the catalyst may function under various conditions.

A MXene support for a noble metal that forms a catalyst having active sites comprising single metal-layer nanostructures. The catalyst is stable under conditions for methane conversion to higher hydrocarbons and provides reduced coke formation. The results show a supported metal catalyst using the MXene where Pt atoms form one or more layers of atoms on the surface of the Mo.sub.2TiC.sub.2T.sub.x support after it is reduced at 750° C. The catalyst shows high selectivity for C.sub.2-hydrocarbons with reduced coke formation, which can cost effectively convert methane into other valuable products.

A MXene support for a noble metal that forms a catalyst having active sites comprising single metal-layer nanostructures. The catalyst is stable under conditions for methane conversion to higher hydrocarbons and provides reduced coke formation. The results show a supported metal catalyst using the MXene where Pt atoms form one or more layers of atoms on the surface of the Mo.sub.2TiC.sub.2T.sub.x support after it is reduced at 750° C. The catalyst shows high selectivity for C.sub.2-hydrocarbons with reduced coke formation, which can cost effectively convert methane into other valuable products.

A catalyst that includes heterogeneous metal carbide nanomaterials and a novel preparation method to synthesize the metal carbide nanomaterials under relatively mild conditions to form an encapsulated transition metal and/or transition metal carbide nanoclusters in a support and/or binder. The catalyst may include confined platinum carbide nanoclusters. The preparation may include the treatment of encapsulated platinum nanoclusters with ethane at elevated temperatures. The catalysts may be used for catalytic hydrocarbon conversions, which include but are not limited to, ethane aromatization, and for selective hydrogenation, with negligible green oil production.