Method for detecting the presence or absence of a biological or chemical substance in a particular sample mixed with a suspension with functionalized magnetic particles, comprising: providing a light source and detector, providing a constant magnetic force perpendicular to the light's propagation direction by applying a constant magnetic field gradient, and with an absolute value which is higher than 0.1 T and measuring the change of the magnetic particle's suspension transparency versus time and comparing it with the time-variation in absence of the targeted biological or chemical substance. The method of the invention allows monitoring the transparency irrespective of the emitted wavelength and particle's optical properties.

Method for detecting the presence or absence of a biological or chemical substance in a particular sample mixed with a suspension with functionalized magnetic particles, comprising: providing a light source and detector, providing a constant magnetic force perpendicular to the light's propagation direction by applying a constant magnetic field gradient, and with an absolute value which is higher than 0.1 T and measuring the change of the magnetic particle's suspension transparency versus time and comparing it with the time-variation in absence of the targeted biological or chemical substance. The method of the invention allows monitoring the transparency irrespective of the emitted wavelength and particle's optical properties.

The disclosure describes systems and methods for separating a plurality of molecular entities with differing densities. The system includes: a pair of magnetic poles of like polarity to provide a magnetic field; and a container holding the plurality of molecular entities in a fluid medium comprising nanoparticles that substantially change a magnetic susceptibility of the fluid medium such that, when the container is placed inside the magnetic field, sufficient gradients in an effective density of the fluid medium are generated inside the container to levitate the plurality of molecular entities to respective layers within the container, each respective layer corresponding to a respective density.

The disclosure describes systems and methods for separating a plurality of molecular entities with differing densities. The system includes: a pair of magnetic poles of like polarity to provide a magnetic field; and a container holding the plurality of molecular entities in a fluid medium comprising nanoparticles that substantially change a magnetic susceptibility of the fluid medium such that, when the container is placed inside the magnetic field, sufficient gradients in an effective density of the fluid medium are generated inside the container to levitate the plurality of molecular entities to respective layers within the container, each respective layer corresponding to a respective density.

A water treatment system comprises a source of water including one or more contaminants, an electrocoagulation cell including a housing defining a fluid flow conduit, an anode disposed within the fluid flow conduit, and a cathode disposed within the fluid flow conduit, the housing including an inlet fluidly connectable to the source of water and an outlet, a solids/liquid separation system having an inlet fluidly connectable to the outlet of the housing of the electrocoagulation cell, a solids-rich outlet, and a solids-lean outlet, and a ballast feed system configured to deliver a ballast to the solids/liquid separation system.

The invention is directed to a method and a system for producing a ferrofluid comprising providing a stock solution with Fe(II) and Fe(III); mixing the stock solution with a base to form magnetic nanoparticles and a spent solution, said method further comprising a separation step of separating the nanoparticles from the spent solution by applying a magnet to immobilize the nanoparticles and remove at least part of the spent solution as supernatant from the immobilized nanoparticles. In another aspect, the invention is directed to the resulting ferrofluid.

Described are various embodiments of methods, devices, systems and kits for magnetic levitation-based separation of mixtures or populations of particles that include various types of particles. Some embodiments of such methods, devices, systems and kits are useful for magnetic levitation-based separation of mixtures or populations of cells that include various cell types. Some other embodiments of the described methods, devices, systems and kits are useful for magnetic levitation-based separation of mixtures or population of cellular or mixtures or population of biological molecules.

Described are various embodiments of methods, devices, systems and kits for magnetic levitation-based separation of mixtures or populations of particles that include various types of particles. Some embodiments of such methods, devices, systems and kits are useful for magnetic levitation-based separation of mixtures or populations of cells that include various cell types. Some other embodiments of the described methods, devices, systems and kits are useful for magnetic levitation-based separation of mixtures or population of cellular or mixtures or population of biological molecules.

The invention relates to a magnet apparatus for generating a magnetic field, the magnet apparatus comprising: at least three coils arranged besides each other along a first axis in a first plane, wherein each coil comprises a conductor comprising a material having superconducting properties at an operating temperature, the coils further comprise two legs and two bent end sections in the first plane, wherein a first and a second leg are arranged parallel to each other along a second axis in the first plane transverse to the first axis, and the two bent sections are arranged opposite to each other; and a controller arranged to control currents through the respective coils to obtain a current distribution in the first plane, wherein a current direction of the current distribution is alternating between opposite directions parallel to the second axis, with a period λ along the first axis. The invention also related to a magnetic density separation apparatus comprising the magnet apparatus.

The present disclosure relates to luterion, which is a mitochondrial-like micro-material, and separating and culturing methods for same and, more particularly, to a method for separating luterion by means of a filter having a pore of a particular size, luterion which is separated by means of the method thereof and has unique properties, and a culturing method for proliferation of the luterion.