A caterpillar-traction drawing machine and a method for drawing of elongated workpieces can be provided with at least one drawing tool fastened pivotally on a tool holder and/or with at least two identical drawing recesses, which can be brought selectively into a drawing position, so that the influence of any fatigue phenomena that may exist is minimized. For the same reason, a caterpillar-traction drawing machine is advantageous in which the two chains of the caterpillar-traction unit are block chains and are respectively braced via an idler roller chain including idler rollers on respectively one pressing beam.

A caterpillar-traction drawing machine and a method for drawing of elongated workpieces can be provided with at least one drawing tool fastened pivotally on a tool holder and/or with at least two identical drawing recesses, which can be brought selectively into a drawing position, so that the influence of any fatigue phenomena that may exist is minimized. For the same reason, a caterpillar-traction drawing machine is advantageous in which the two chains of the caterpillar-traction unit are block chains and are respectively braced via an idler roller chain including idler rollers on respectively one pressing beam.

Subject matter of the present invention is a method of applying coating layers (9) to a substrate (1, 11, 21, 31), wherein the substrate (1, 11, 21, 31) is drawn through a coating chamber (2) containing a pressurized coating agent (3) being liquefied or softened by means of a thermal exposure, wherein the substrate (1, 11, 21, 31) is drawn through a drawing tool (8), wherein the coating agent (3) serves as a lubricant between the drawing tool (8) and a surface of the substrate (8) and wherein at the same time the coating layer (9) is applied to the surface of the substrate (8). Subject matter of the invention is also a corresponding apparatus for applying a coating layer (9) to a substrate (1, 11, 21, 31). By means of the invention coating layers can be applied to a substrate in an efficient and economical way.

In the case of a caterpillar track drawing machine having a drawing die and a caterpillar track disposed behind the drawing die, which track comprises two drawing chains having drawing tools disposed on chain links of the drawing chains, it should be possible to align the drawing tools of at least one of the two drawing chains jointly with the respective chain link, perpendicular to the drawing line, so that the caliber range can be changed, in simple and operationally reliable manner, between two drawing recesses having different caliber ranges. The latter is also possible if two different drawing recesses of the second one of the two drawing chains are intended for a first caliber range for which the first drawing recesses for at least one of the two drawing chains are intended, or if the drawing recesses of a first one of the two drawing chains deviate from the drawing recesses of a second one of the two drawing chains.

In the case of a caterpillar track drawing machine having a drawing die and a caterpillar track disposed behind the drawing die, which track comprises two drawing chains having drawing tools disposed on chain links of the drawing chains, it should be possible to align the drawing tools of at least one of the two drawing chains jointly with the respective chain link, perpendicular to the drawing line, so that the caliber range can be changed, in simple and operationally reliable manner, between two drawing recesses having different caliber ranges. The latter is also possible if two different drawing recesses of the second one of the two drawing chains are intended for a first caliber range for which the first drawing recesses for at least one of the two drawing chains are intended, or if the drawing recesses of a first one of the two drawing chains deviate from the drawing recesses of a second one of the two drawing chains.

In the case of a caterpillar track drawing machine having a drawing die and a caterpillar track disposed behind the drawing die, which track comprises two drawing chains having drawing tools disposed on chain links of the drawing chains, it should be possible to align the drawing tools of at least one of the two drawing chains jointly with the respective chain link, perpendicular to the drawing line, so that the caliber range can be changed, in simple and operationally reliable manner, between two drawing recesses having different caliber ranges. The latter is also possible if two different drawing recesses of the second one of the two drawing chains are intended for a first caliber range for which the first drawing recesses for at least one of the two drawing chains are intended, or if the drawing recesses of a first one of the two drawing chains deviate from the drawing recesses of a second one of the two drawing chains.

In the case of a caterpillar track drawing machine having a drawing die and a caterpillar track disposed behind the drawing die, which track comprises two drawing chains having drawing tools disposed on chain links of the drawing chains, it should be possible to align the drawing tools of at least one of the two drawing chains jointly with the respective chain link, perpendicular to the drawing line, so that the caliber range can be changed, in simple and operationally reliable manner, between two drawing recesses having different caliber ranges. The latter is also possible if two different drawing recesses of the second one of the two drawing chains are intended for a first caliber range for which the first drawing recesses for at least one of the two drawing chains are intended, or if the drawing recesses of a first one of the two drawing chains deviate from the drawing recesses of a second one of the two drawing chains.

A wire-drawing method comprises providing a rod comprising a wrapped sheet, wherein the sheet comprises a plurality of copper layers and a plurality of graphene layers; extracting an inner layer of the wrapped sheet from the rod to form a spiral; and forming a wire by feeding the spiral through an opening of a die unit.

Subject matter of the present invention is a method of applying coating layers (9) to a substrate (1, 11, 21, 31), wherein the substrate (1, 11, 21, 31) is drawn through a coating chamber (2) containing a pressurized coating agent (3) being liquefied or softened by means of a thermal exposure, wherein the substrate (1, 11, 21, 31) is drawn through a drawing tool (8), wherein the coating agent (3) serves as a lubricant between the drawing tool (8) and a surface of the substrate (8) and wherein at the same time the coating layer (9) is applied to the surface of the substrate (8). Subject matter of the invention is also a corresponding apparatus for applying a coating layer (9) to a substrate (1, 11, 21, 31). By means of the invention coating layers can be applied to a substrate in an efficient and economical way.

A process for producing an ornamental element, in particular an ornamental chain, comprising the following steps: arranging a tubular polymer core inside a tubular metal casing to form a layered tubular profile; cutting and bending the layered tubular profile to form a plurality of shaped chain links; connecting the chain links to form the ornamental chain.