The subject matter relates to a welding device as well as a welding method for producing a material bond connection between a conductor (10) and a connecting part (8), with at least one ultrasonic welding tool (4), wherein at least part of a contact surface (18) of the connecting part (8) contacts at least part of a contact surface (16) of the ultrasonic welding tool (4).

The subject matter relates to a welding device as well as a welding method for producing a material bond connection between a conductor (10) and a connecting part (8), with at least one ultrasonic welding tool (4), wherein at least part of a contact surface (18) of the connecting part (8) contacts at least part of a contact surface (16) of the ultrasonic welding tool (4).

Methods and apparatus to control the acoustic properties of optical cables used as in-well oil and gas probes for acoustic monitoring, such as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). One example aspect provides a solid path for the acoustic wave to propagate from an outside armor layer of the cable to the sensing optical waveguide embedded therein. Another example aspect offers ways to spatially dispose the optical sensing elements to create response delays indicative of the propagation speed and/or direction of an acoustic wave. Yet another example aspect provides ways to utilize additional spectral interrogation to increase ultimate spatial resolution. Yet another example aspect provides ways to locally vary the acoustic properties along the length of the cable.

Methods and apparatus to control the acoustic properties of optical cables used as in-well oil and gas probes for acoustic monitoring, such as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). One example aspect provides a solid path for the acoustic wave to propagate from an outside armor layer of the cable to the sensing optical waveguide embedded therein. Another example aspect offers ways to spatially dispose the optical sensing elements to create response delays indicative of the propagation speed and/or direction of an acoustic wave. Yet another example aspect provides ways to utilize additional spectral interrogation to increase ultimate spatial resolution. Yet another example aspect provides ways to locally vary the acoustic properties along the length of the cable.

A substrate bonding apparatus for bonding a first substrate to a second substrate includes a first bonding chuck supporting the first substrate, a second bonding chuck disposed above the first bonding chuck and supporting the second substrate, a resonant frequency detector detecting a resonant frequency of a bonded structure with the first substrate and the second substrate which are at least partially bonded to each other, and a controller controlling a distance between the first bonding chuck and the second bonding chuck according to the detected resonant frequency of the bonded structure.

A substrate bonding apparatus for bonding a first substrate to a second substrate includes a first bonding chuck supporting the first substrate, a second bonding chuck disposed above the first bonding chuck and supporting the second substrate, a resonant frequency detector detecting a resonant frequency of a bonded structure with the first substrate and the second substrate which are at least partially bonded to each other, and a controller controlling a distance between the first bonding chuck and the second bonding chuck according to the detected resonant frequency of the bonded structure.

A rotary acoustic horn. The rotary acoustic horn includes a shaft having an axial input end and an axial output end; and at least one welding portion; wherein the welding portion comprises an outer weld face that expands and contracts with the application of acoustic energy; wherein the welding portion comprises a first opposing end portion and a second opposing end portion; wherein the welding portion comprises through holes extending substantially along an axial direction of the welding portion from the first opposing end portion to the second opposing end portion; and wherein the through holes are located between the weld face and the shaft.

An ultrasonic joining horn disclosed herein can generate ultrasonic vibration in a predetermined vibration direction and includes a base portion, a stand portion that rises from an upper surface of the base portion, and a pressure contact portion formed of a plurality of protrusions that protrude from an upper surface of the stand portion. Each of the protrusions is formed into a pyramid shape or a truncated pyramid shape, the protrusions are arrayed, and when viewed from top, at least a portion of a peripheral edge of a portion in which the protrusions are arrayed has a zigzag shape. The zigzag portion is formed along at least one of the vibration direction and a perpendicular direction to the vibration direction. The upper surface of the base portion has an exposed surface on which the stand portion is not formed.

An ultrasonic joining horn disclosed herein can generate ultrasonic vibration in a predetermined vibration direction and includes a base portion, a stand portion that rises from an upper surface of the base portion, and a pressure contact portion formed of a plurality of protrusions that protrude from an upper surface of the stand portion. Each of the protrusions is formed into a pyramid shape or a truncated pyramid shape, the protrusions are arrayed, and when viewed from top, at least a portion of a peripheral edge of a portion in which the protrusions are arrayed has a zigzag shape. The zigzag portion is formed along at least one of the vibration direction and a perpendicular direction to the vibration direction. The upper surface of the base portion has an exposed surface on which the stand portion is not formed.

A mechanical vibration machining method or the like is suitable for allowing a probe to provide vibration to a horn with high efficiency. A horn portion is supported by a first support portion and a second support portion configured as a double-support structure. A first probe unit and a second probe unit are coupled to both ends of the horn portion. The first probe unit and the second probe unit vibrate the horn portion by means of vibration generated by a first generation unit and a second generation unit. The horn portion provides nodal points at which elongation and contraction alternately occur. For example, in a case in which the contact portion is arranged at the center of the horn portion, the second generation unit is oscillated with a phase that is the opposite of that of the first generation unit.