A method for producing a hollow fiber pre-product for a dialysis membrane is disclosed. The dialysis membrane includes a distribution of the pore sizes which follows an exponential function such as an e-function. The inverse value of the exponential coefficient (K) is at least 30 nm.sup.2. The dialysis membrane includes at least 50 pores per μm.sup.2 and the share of a free flow area at a surface of the dialysis membrane amounts to at least 2.5%.

A molding die and a molding method are provided, which allow high-cycle manufacturing of molded bodies of a thermoplastic resin or thermoplastic resin-fiber composite material, thereby improving productivity. Molding is performed using a molding die including a plurality of die portions that form a cavity in which a molded body is molded, the molding die including: a first temperature adjusting unit disposed in the vicinity of the cavity surface and capable of at least cooling the cavity surface; and a second temperature adjusting unit disposed on a side of the first temperature adjusting unit opposite from the cavity surface and capable of at least heating the cavity surface, wherein a distance L0 from the cavity surface to the first temperature adjusting unit and a distance L1 from the cavity surface to a surface of the corresponding die portion opposite from the cavity surface satisfy the relationship: (L1/L0)>3.

A method for inserting an insert into a hole in a composite material made from a plurality of carbon fiber layers suspended in a resin material includes lowering a temperature of the insert to a reduced temperature at which a coefficient of thermal expansion of a material of the insert causes the insert to contract to a first perimeter, inserting the insert at the reduced temperature into the hole, and permitting the temperature of the insert to increase from the reduced temperature to an operational temperature. At the operational temperature, the insert expands to a second perimeter so that the insert is retained within the composite material due to an interference between the insert and the composite material. The interference transfers a structural load from the insert to the composite material and results in damage to the composite material if the insert is dislodged at the operational temperature.

A method of manufacturing a medical elongated body including an inner layer, an outer layer covering the outside of the inner layer, and a reinforcement body provided between the inner layer and the outer layer. The method includes an inner layer forming step of forming the inner layer, a reinforcement body forming step of forming the reinforcement body on an outer peripheral surface of the inner layer after the inner layer forming step, a cooling step of cooling at least a predetermined spot of the inner layer after the reinforcement body forming step, and an annealing step of annealing the reinforcement body which overlaps the predetermined spot of the inner layer cooled by the cooling step.

A molding die and a molding method are provided, which allow high-cycle manufacturing of molded bodies of a thermoplastic resin or thermoplastic resin-fiber composite material, thereby improving productivity. Molding is performed using a molding die including a plurality of die portions that form a cavity in which a molded body is molded, the molding die including: a first temperature adjusting unit disposed in the vicinity of the cavity surface and capable of at least cooling the cavity surface; and a second temperature adjusting unit disposed on a side of the first temperature adjusting unit opposite from the cavity surface and capable of at least heating the cavity surface, wherein a distance L0 from the cavity surface to the first temperature adjusting unit and a distance L1 from the cavity surface to a surface of the corresponding die portion opposite from the cavity surface satisfy the relationship: (L1/L0)>3.

A method for inserting an insert into a hole in a composite material made from a plurality of carbon fiber layers suspended in a resin material includes lowering a temperature of the insert to a reduced temperature at which a coefficient of thermal expansion of a material of the insert causes the insert to contract to a first perimeter, inserting the insert at the reduced temperature into the hole, and permitting the temperature of the insert to increase from the reduced temperature to an operational temperature. At the operational temperature, the insert expands to a second perimeter so that the insert is retained within the composite material due to an interference between the insert and the composite material. The interference transfers a structural load from the insert to the composite material and results in damage to the composite material if the insert is dislodged at the operational temperature.

A metal-resin composite, a surface treatment method, and a substrate of a printed circuit board (PCB) for high-frequency and high-speed signal transmission comprise a surface-treated metal, and the surface-treated metal includes a nano-scale pore array that is used for filling of a resin and vertically extends from a surface to an interior of a metal, where nano-scale pillars are provided to extend from bottoms to openings of nano-scale pores of the nano-scale pore array. The pillar-in-pore structure makes a resin entering a nano-scale pore have an ultra-high anchoring effect on a resin body outside the nano-scale pore. Therefore, on the premise of not using an additive such as a T liquid or a coupling agent, the present disclosure greatly improves a tensile bonding strength at an interface between a resin body and a metal substrate, and also eliminates a decline in an interfacial bonding strength of a composite.

A method of machining a fibrous sheet for a composite structure is described. The sheet comprises a resin matrix having a glass transition temperature, wherein the method comprises cooling the sheet substantially to maintain the temperature of the matrix below its glass transition temperature during machining.

A method of machining a fibrous sheet for a composite structure is described. The sheet comprises a resin matrix having a glass transition temperature, wherein the method comprises cooling the sheet substantially to maintain the temperature of the matrix below its glass transition temperature during machining.

A microneedle includes a base and a tip distal from the base, the microneedle being formed with an anisotropic porous composition including a plurality of channels extending in a substantially uniform direction through the microneedle from a base surface towards an outer surface defined by the tip, and the plurality of channels being adapted to enable flow of a fluid therein.