The present disclosure is directed to a formulations of cements and methods for bonding dissimilar materials. The formulations and methods can bond a Non-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containing first polyolefin that is amorphous or has low crystallinity to a second material that is a rigid material or a hard PVC. The methods and formulations can work by co-dissolution at an interface, or activation of a one of the materials prior to bonding.

The present disclosure is directed to a formulations of cements and methods for bonding dissimilar materials. The formulations and methods can bond a Non-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containing first polyolefin that is amorphous or has low crystallinity to a second material that is a rigid material or a hard PVC. The methods and formulations can work by co-dissolution at an interface, or activation of a one of the materials prior to bonding.

A plastic component with a substrate including a plastic and at least one first fastening piece that is embodied for a form-fitting engagement with a complementarily formed second fastening piece and has at least one anchoring element embedded and fixed in a position in the substrate; the substrate includes soft foam with a weight per unit volume of 120 kg/m3 to 300 kg/m3 and a Shore A hardness of 5 to 100 and the fastening element includes a thermoplastic plastic.

A first resin member including a first contact surface and formed of laser beam-transmissive resin and a second resin member including a second contact surface, which contacts the first contact surface, and formed of laser beam-absorbing resin are arranged one upon the other. A laser welding apparatus includes a clamping unit abutting the second resin member and applying clamping force to the second resin member, a laser emitter emitting laser beam, a laser controller controlling output of the laser beam, a displacement sensor measuring displacement of the second contact surface in stacking direction of the resin members, and a control unit controlling the clamping unit to adjust the clamping force corresponding to displacement amount of the second contact surface continuously or intermittently obtained from the displacement sensor.

A first resin member including a first contact surface and formed of laser beam-transmissive resin and a second resin member including a second contact surface, which contacts the first contact surface, and formed of laser beam-absorbing resin are arranged one upon the other. A laser welding apparatus includes a clamping unit abutting the second resin member and applying clamping force to the second resin member, a laser emitter emitting laser beam, a laser controller controlling output of the laser beam, a displacement sensor measuring displacement of the second contact surface in stacking direction of the resin members, and a control unit controlling the clamping unit to adjust the clamping force corresponding to displacement amount of the second contact surface continuously or intermittently obtained from the displacement sensor.

A method of joining includes disposing a second workpiece adjacent to a first workpiece. The method further includes identifying a determined hardness parameter of at least one of the first and second workpieces at a welding position. The determined hardness parameter is determined by at least one of estimation, calculation, and measurement. The method includes selecting a weld schedule based on the determined hardness parameter and welding the first and second workpieces together using the selected weld schedule. A welding horn includes a shank and a tip having an end face, the tip being disposed at an end of the shank and configured to contact a workpiece and to transmit energy to the workpiece. Knurls are disposed on the end face, each knurl having a distal end. A curved indenter extends from the end face beyond the distal ends of the knurls.

The tire of the present disclosure includes an inner surface layer that forms a tire inner surface and is formed of a thermoplastic resin or contains a thermoplastic resin, and a porous body that is partially embedded in the inner surface layer.

A method of joining includes disposing a second workpiece adjacent to a first workpiece. The method further includes identifying a determined hardness parameter of at least one of the first and second workpieces at a welding position. The determined hardness parameter is determined by at least one of estimation, calculation, and measurement. The method includes selecting a weld schedule based on the determined hardness parameter and welding the first and second workpieces together using the selected weld schedule. A welding horn includes a shank and a tip having an end face, the tip being disposed at an end of the shank and configured to contact a workpiece and to transmit energy to the workpiece. Knurls are disposed on the end face, each knurl having a distal end. A curved indenter extends from the end face beyond the distal ends of the knurls.

An earplug assembly includes a first earplug, a second earplug, and a cord including a first end, a second end, each earplug including a stem and a sound attenuating body. A method for preparing the earplug assembly includes attaching the first and second ends of the cord to the first and second earplugs, respectively, by contacting a hot tip to the proximal end of the stem of the earplug to form an attachment point, removing the hot tip, and contacting or inserting the end of the cord to the attachment point to thermally bond the end of the cord to the stem of the earplug.

Methods and apparatuses for bonding polymeric parts are disclosed. Specifically, in one embodiment, the polymeric parts are bonded by plastically deforming them against each other while they are below the glass transition temperatures.