An independent steering system includes a knuckle fastened to inside of a wheel and driven integrally with the wheel, an upper arm fastened to an upper end portion of the knuckle, a lower arm fastened to a lower end portion of the knuckle, a steering motor positioned on the lower arm, and a steering gear portion having a first end portion connected to the steering motor and a second end portion engaged to the knuckle, wherein the steering gear portion rotates integrally with the knuckle by a rotation force of the steering motor.

A coupling structure of suspension may include an assist knuckle, a RevoKnuckle rotatably engaged with the assist knuckle, rotated independently from the assist knuckle, and performing steering of a wheel located at an outermost periphery, a steering input portion fixed to a vehicle body and applying a steering force to the RevoKnuckle during steering, a rotation transfer unit located between and coupled between the RevoKnuckle and the steering input portion and absorbing angular displacement formed between the steering input portion and the RevoKnuckle, a first link unit having one end located on one side surface of the assist knuckle and the other end located at a lower end of the RevoKnuckle, and a second link unit having one end located on the other side surface of the assist knuckle and the other end located adjacent to the other end of the first link unit at the lower end of the RevoKnuckle.

A shock absorber for a vehicle suspension system may include a damper tube having an axis defining an axial direction extending between a first end and a second end, a bumper cap, and a dust gaiter operably coupled to the bumper cap. The bumper cap may have a cover portion and a retention portion. The cover portion may be operably coupled to the second end of the damper tube, and the retention portion may extend along a lateral periphery of the damper tube to an opposite end of the bumper cap relative to the cover portion. The retention portion may include a continuous ring at a distal end of the bumper cap relative to the cover portion to define a limit for movement of the dust gaiter along the bumper cap in the axial direction. The continuous ring may be retained by a plurality of fixed fingers that extend from the cover portion to the continuous ring. A movable finger is disposed between each of the fixed fingers, each instance of the movable finger having a radially extending locking tab to engage the dust gaiter. Each instance of the moveable finger has a radial deflection rate of less than about 8 N/mm.

A method for manufacturing a hollow spring member having a hollow steel spring rod having terminal sealed portions at both ends thereof. Each terminal sealed portion has a rotationally symmetric shape in which an axis passing through a center of the spring rod is an axis of symmetry. Each terminal sealed portion has an end wall portion including an end face; an arc-shaped smoothly curved surface between an outer peripheral surface of the spring rod and the end face, and a hermetically closed distal-end-center closure portion on the axis passing through the center of the spring rod. The method includes forming each of the end portions of the spring rod by forming a chamfered portion on an inner or outer peripheral side of the end portion of a hollow wire, the end portion having an opening portion at a distal end, heating the end portion of the hollow wire having the chamfered portion, and spinning the heated end portion to be gathered toward the axis from the outer peripheral side by a jig. The end wall portion, which includes the distal-end-center closure portion, is formed by the distal end of the end portion being joined together on the axis.

A shock absorber is provided that includes a shock body and a shaft assembly. The shock body has an inner chamber. The inner chamber is defined by a cylindrical interior surface. At least one groove is formed in the interior surface within at least one select length of the shock body. A piston of the shaft assembly is received within the inner chamber of the shock body. The piston includes valving to allow dampening matter that is received within the inner chamber to pass through the piston to allow the piston to move within the inner chamber. The at least one groove that is formed within the interior surface is configured to allow at least some of the dampening matter to bypass the valving of the piston to allow the piston to move through the at least one select length with less resistance.

A coilover shock absorber includes a damper element and a coil spring, where the coilover shock absorber includes a first mount for the damper element and a second mount for the damper element, and where the coilover shock absorber includes a first seat for the coil spring and a second seat for the coil spring, where the first mount for the damper element is operatively separate from the first seat for the coil spring, where the second mount for the damper element is operatively separate from the second seat for the coil spring. The resulting inverted coilover shock absorber allows for separate load paths for the damper element and the coil spring to the chassis.

An electric truck includes drive units being provided to each of driving wheels on left and right sides of the electric truck, each of the drive units transmitting a driving force of a motor to each of the driving wheels, a body frame casing including a pair of mounting frame bodies extending in a vehicle width direction of the electric truck and being arranged apart in a vehicle front-rear direction and a pair of cross members connecting the pair of mounting frame bodies, and body-connecting parts connecting each of a vehicle front side and a vehicle rear side of each of the drive units arranged in a frame of the body frame casing to each of the mounting frame bodies. The pair of drive units are arranged so as to be adjacent to each other in the vehicle width direction inside the frame of the body frame casing.

A vehicle height adjustment system includes: a cylinder housing part having an inner space configured to receive working fluid; a piston part positioned in the cylinder housing part, the piston part configured to move linearly, in response to a working fluid, in a moving direction along the cylinder housing part; and a rotation suppressing bracket coupled to the cylinder housing part and connected to a side surface of the piston part, the rotation suppressing bracket configured to suppress rotational movement with respect to the moving direction of the piston part.

Disclosed is a vehicle strut insulator that includes first and second bushes (100 and 200) having different hardness characteristics. The first bush (100) having a relatively high hardness is disposed in a left-right direction of a vehicle that affects the handling performance, and the second bush (200) having a relatively low hardness is disposed in a forward-backward direction of the vehicle that affects the ride comfort. Accordingly, the vehicle strut insulator can satisfy both requirements for handling performance, ride comfort and road noise performance.

A damper assembly comprises a main tube defining a fluid chamber. The main tube includes a first section, a second section, and an intermediate portion. A sleeve is disposed about the main tube. An external tube is disposed about the main tube and the sleeve. The external tube defines a compensation chamber between the sleeve and the external tube. A main piston divides the fluid chamber into a rebound chamber and a compression chamber. A piston rod couples to the main piston for moving the main piston between a compression stroke and a rebound stroke. The sleeve is in an abutment relationship with the second section of the main tube, radially spaced apart from the first section of the main tube, defining a compartment extending between the sleeve and the first section of the main tube. A housing for the damper assembly is also disclosed herein.