A valve arrangement is inserted between a master brake cylinder and a reservoir in a housing of an electrohydraulic motor vehicle brake system which can be activated both by a vehicle driver and independently of the vehicle driver. The valve arrangement can be acted on by a volume flow which can be conveyed by a linear actuator in the direction of a pedal travel simulator, the working chamber of the pedal travel simulator being connected to the master brake cylinder, wherein, for the purpose of simplified construction and actuation, the valve arrangement has a hydraulically actuable non-return valve and a fixed diaphragm arranged parallel to the non-return valve. The non-return valve is arranged together with the fixed diaphragm in a valve carrier which is fastened to a closure plug which closes the housing of the motor vehicle brake system.

A valve arrangement is inserted between a master brake cylinder and a reservoir in a housing of an electrohydraulic motor vehicle brake system which can be activated both by a vehicle driver and independently of the vehicle driver. The valve arrangement can be acted on by a volume flow which can be conveyed by a linear actuator in the direction of a pedal travel simulator, the working chamber of the pedal travel simulator being connected to the master brake cylinder, wherein, for the purpose of simplified construction and actuation, the valve arrangement has a hydraulically actuable non-return valve and a fixed diaphragm arranged parallel to the non-return valve. The non-return valve is arranged together with the fixed diaphragm in a valve carrier which is fastened to a closure plug which closes the housing of the motor vehicle brake system.

A hydraulic tank for a bicycle that has a compensation chamber within the tank. The tank also has a ventilation hole and a ventilation channel, which is in fluid communication with the ventilation hole, and has an inlet opening arranged on a side wall of the tank.

Brake fluid reservoir valve for installation in the reservoir's outlet tube. It includes an outer sleeve fixed in the reservoir tube and equipped with an outer stop and a hollow piston housed in the sleeve. The top of the piston is closed and bordered by a groove accommodating an o-ring seal that rests upon the upper edge of the sleeve whenever the piston enters the sleeve. The piston has windows beneath the groove communicating with the interior of the piston and lugs near its lower extremity. Openings are provided in the extension of the piston beneath the lugs. A compression spring is inserted between the piston and the outer sleeve, between the stop and the lugs.

Brake fluid reservoir valve for installation in the reservoir's outlet tube. It includes an outer sleeve fixed in the reservoir tube and equipped with an outer stop and a hollow piston housed in the sleeve. The top of the piston is closed and bordered by a groove accommodating an o-ring seal that rests upon the upper edge of the sleeve whenever the piston enters the sleeve. The piston has windows beneath the groove communicating with the interior of the piston and lugs near its lower extremity. Openings are provided in the extension of the piston beneath the lugs. A compression spring is inserted between the piston and the outer sleeve, between the stop and the lugs.

A method for estimating water content of brake fluid in a brake system including brake calipers and a brake fluid container, the brake calipers and the container each including a sensor configured to detect a water content of the brake fluid, the method including: arranging the brake system in a controlled environment; for a predetermined time period, exposing the brake system to a controlled temperature and humidity such that an increase in water content in the brake fluid is accelerated; determining the water content of the brake fluid in the brake fluid container and in each brake caliper as a function of time; and based on the determined water content as a function of time, establishing a model describing the relation between the water content of brake fluid in a brake caliper and the water content in the brake fluid in the brake fluid container.

A method for estimating water content of brake fluid in a brake system including brake calipers and a brake fluid container, the brake calipers and the container each including a sensor configured to detect a water content of the brake fluid, the method including: arranging the brake system in a controlled environment; for a predetermined time period, exposing the brake system to a controlled temperature and humidity such that an increase in water content in the brake fluid is accelerated; determining the water content of the brake fluid in the brake fluid container and in each brake caliper as a function of time; and based on the determined water content as a function of time, establishing a model describing the relation between the water content of brake fluid in a brake caliper and the water content in the brake fluid in the brake fluid container.

In order to provide a master cylinder, in particular for a clutch system, an actuating system or a braking system of a vehicle, which enables secure sealing of the cylinder chamber relative to the outside, as well as a reliable flow of hydraulic medium into the cylinder chamber, it is proposed that the piston comprises a first section which has a cylindrical lateral surface and a second section which has at least one region which is set back radially inwardly with respect to the cylindrical lateral surface of the first section, wherein at least one set-back region extends to an end of the piston and wherein the first and second sections are arranged on the piston in such a way that in an actuating position of the piston, the main sealing element in the first section of the piston abuts in sealing manner thereagainst and in the pressure equalization position of the piston, in the second section of the piston between the piston and the main sealing element, at least one gap is formed, through which hydraulic medium can flow along the piston from the supply chamber into the cylinder chamber in order to equalize the pressure.

A hydraulic brake assembly (12) includes a housing (24) having first and second side-by-side bores (30), each defining a respective master cylinder assembly. Each master cylinder assembly includes a master cylinder piston (32) slidably movable by actuation of a respective brake pedal (18a, 18b) to and between an active position and an inactive position. A spool (74) slidably disposed within a piston bore (70) of the master cylinder piston (32) is operable in a first mode to direct hydraulic fluid from a quick-fill chamber (62) to a master cylinder chamber (50) at a first pressure upon initial movement of the master cylinder piston (32) from the inactive position toward the active position. The spool (74) is operable in a second mode to direct hydraulic fluid from the quick-fill chamber (62) to a tank (20) when pressure in the master cylinder chamber (50) reaches a predefined threshold.

A hydraulic brake assembly (12) includes a housing (24) having first and second side-by-side bores (30), each defining a respective master cylinder assembly. Each master cylinder assembly includes a master cylinder piston (32) slidably movable by actuation of a respective brake pedal (18a, 18b) to and between an active position and an inactive position. A spool (74) slidably disposed within a piston bore (70) of the master cylinder piston (32) is operable in a first mode to direct hydraulic fluid from a quick-fill chamber (62) to a master cylinder chamber (50) at a first pressure upon initial movement of the master cylinder piston (32) from the inactive position toward the active position. The spool (74) is operable in a second mode to direct hydraulic fluid from the quick-fill chamber (62) to a tank (20) when pressure in the master cylinder chamber (50) reaches a predefined threshold.