Metal oxide particles, preferably crystalline transition metal oxide particles, made via a continuous process comprising application of a voltage across an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution includes a transition metal salt dissolved in water, and preferably also includes a compound for increasing the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte. The particles made by the processes disclosed herein, can have sizes in the micrometer or nanometer ranges. The oxide particles can have a variety of uses, including for charge storage devices. As an example, crystalline manganese oxide nanoparticles, and methods for making the same, are disclosed for a variety of uses including lithium ion batteries.

A process for decomposition of sulfuric acid, particularly a process for catalytically decomposing sulfuric acid is used to obtain sulfur dioxide therefrom. Catalysts are used for improving the dissociation efficiency by lowering the activation energy barrier for the reaction.

The present disclosure relates to a process for decomposition of sulfuric acid, particularly a process for catalytically decomposing sulfuric acid, to obtain sulfur dioxide therefrom. In the present process, catalysts play a major role for improving the dissociation efficiency by lowering the activation energy barrier for the reaction.

A plant for the production of sulfur trioxide from a feed stream containing sulfur-containing compounds and dissolved metals and alkali metals by a process, which involves gas quenching, comprises an incineration furnace, a mixing device and/or a dilution air heater, a dust removal device and an SO.sub.2 converter. The plant may further comprise a condenser for the purpose of producing sulfuric acid.

A plant for the production of sulfur trioxide from a feed stream containing sulfur-containing compounds and dissolved metals and alkali metals by a process, which involves gas quenching, comprises an incineration furnace, a mixing device and/or a dilution air heater, a dust removal device and an SO.sub.2 converter. The plant may further comprise a condenser for the purpose of producing sulfuric acid.

The disclosure relates generally to methods and systems for manufacturing ammonia, ammonium sulfate, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, or combinations thereof, and particularly to clean and efficient methods and system configurations for manufacturing ammonia, ammonium sulfate, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, or combinations thereof using coal, petcoke, asphaltenes and/or hydrocarbon waste products.

A process and apparatus for producing sulfuric acid are disclosed. The process comprises reacting a sulfur species and a strong oxygen gas to produce a process gas comprising sulfur dioxide; oxidizing the sulfur dioxide gas to produce a process gas comprising sulfur trioxide; and hydrating the sulfur trioxide to produce sulfuric acid, and a used process gas. The concentration of oxygen in the source of strong oxygen gas is greater than about 21 vol. %. The process may further comprise purging the used process gas, thereby producing a process purge gas and a process recycle gas, and recirculating at least part of the process recycle gas into one or more upstream processes. The process recycle gas and process purge gas each comprises an excess concentration of sulfur dioxide gas of greater than about 12 vol. %, or an excess concentration of oxygen gas of greater than about 21 vol. %.

A method for microwave-enhanced carbon reduction of waste sulfuric acid is provided, including the following steps: (1) immersing a carbon material with waste sulfuric acid to obtain a mixture; and (2) subjecting the mixture to microwave heating to allow a reaction to obtain a sulfur dioxide gas and sulfonated carbon.