A treatment process for crystallizing a metal sulfate involving pre-treating a feedstock comprising calcium, magnesium, and/or lithium impurities, the pre-treating involving pre-leaching the feedstock in the presence of a lixiviant, selectively extracting a first portion of any of the impurities from the feedstock, and forming a leached solution comprising an uncrystallized metal sulfate and any remaining impurities; and/or refining the leached solution and removing a second portion of any of the remaining impurities; and crystallizing the uncrystallized metal sulfate from the leached solution to form a crystallized metal sulfate. So processed, the crystallized metal sulfate may be battery-grade or electroplating-grade.

Provided are a battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution and a preparation method for a battery-level Mn solution, the steps thereof comprising: acid dissolution (S1), alkalization to remove impurities (S2), synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), deep ageing to remove impurities (S4), synergistic extraction (S5), and refining extraction (S6). The steps of deep ageing to remove impurities (S4) and synergistic extraction (S5) comprise: performing deep ageing on a filtrate obtained from the step of synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), and after performing filtration to remove impurities, obtaining an aged filtrate; using P204 to extract the aged filtrate and obtain a loaded organic phase, and subjecting the loaded organic phase to staged back-extraction to obtain the battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution and a Mn-containing solution. By means of the cooperation between the multiple process steps of synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), deep ageing to remove impurities (S4), and synergistic extraction (S5), the impurity content of the obtained battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution is significantly lowered, and the battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution can be directly used to prepare a lithium battery ternary precursor material. At the same time, the battery-level Mn solution can also be obtained, which is favorable for large-scale applications of the process and increasing economic benefits.

Provided are a battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution and a preparation method for a battery-level Mn solution, the steps thereof comprising: acid dissolution (S1), alkalization to remove impurities (S2), synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), deep ageing to remove impurities (S4), synergistic extraction (S5), and refining extraction (S6). The steps of deep ageing to remove impurities (S4) and synergistic extraction (S5) comprise: performing deep ageing on a filtrate obtained from the step of synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), and after performing filtration to remove impurities, obtaining an aged filtrate; using P204 to extract the aged filtrate and obtain a loaded organic phase, and subjecting the loaded organic phase to staged back-extraction to obtain the battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution and a Mn-containing solution. By means of the cooperation between the multiple process steps of synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), deep ageing to remove impurities (S4), and synergistic extraction (S5), the impurity content of the obtained battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution is significantly lowered, and the battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution can be directly used to prepare a lithium battery ternary precursor material. At the same time, the battery-level Mn solution can also be obtained, which is favorable for large-scale applications of the process and increasing economic benefits.

Provided are a battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution and a preparation method for a battery-level Mn solution, the steps thereof comprising: acid dissolution (S1), alkalization to remove impurities (S2), synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), deep ageing to remove impurities (S4), synergistic extraction (S5), and refining extraction (S6).

The steps of deep ageing to remove impurities (S4) and synergistic extraction (S5) comprise: performing deep ageing on a filtrate obtained from the step of synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), and after performing filtration to remove impurities, obtaining an aged filtrate; using P204 to extract the aged filtrate and obtain a loaded organic phase, and subjecting the loaded organic phase to staged back-extraction to obtain the battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution and a Mn-containing solution. By means of the cooperation between the multiple process steps of synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), deep ageing to remove impurities (S4), and synergistic extraction (S5), the impurity content of the obtained battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution is significantly lowered, and the battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution can be directly used to prepare a lithium battery ternary precursor material. At the same time, the battery-level Mn solution can also be obtained, which is favorable for large-scale applications of the process and increasing economic benefits.

Provided are a battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution and a preparation method for a battery-level Mn solution, the steps thereof comprising: acid dissolution (S1), alkalization to remove impurities (S2), synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), deep ageing to remove impurities (S4), synergistic extraction (S5), and refining extraction (S6).

The steps of deep ageing to remove impurities (S4) and synergistic extraction (S5) comprise: performing deep ageing on a filtrate obtained from the step of synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), and after performing filtration to remove impurities, obtaining an aged filtrate; using P204 to extract the aged filtrate and obtain a loaded organic phase, and subjecting the loaded organic phase to staged back-extraction to obtain the battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution and a Mn-containing solution. By means of the cooperation between the multiple process steps of synchronous precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and lithium (S3), deep ageing to remove impurities (S4), and synergistic extraction (S5), the impurity content of the obtained battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution is significantly lowered, and the battery-level Ni—Co—Mn mixed solution can be directly used to prepare a lithium battery ternary precursor material. At the same time, the battery-level Mn solution can also be obtained, which is favorable for large-scale applications of the process and increasing economic benefits.

A method is provided for manufacturing a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for Fluoride ion Batteries, thus, being capable for overcoming high resistances at the surfaces, grain-boundaries of nanoparticles or compartments of the nanoparticles by a material treatment selected from: (i) a ball-mill procedure under aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere, (ii) excess-synthesis, (iii) ball-milling with surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additives or (iv) functionalizing the material to obtain functionalized nanoparticles (GSNP) comprising a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CF.sub.X, Herein, fluorides (Em.sub.mF.sub.h), fluorides composites (Em1.sub.m1Em2.sub.m2 . . . F.sub.h1) are synthesized, wherein a first metal, metalloid or non-metal Em or Em1 and a second metal, metalloid or non-metal Em2 are dissimilarly selected from various elements in a manner that a battery material having an increased ionic conductivity is obtained.

A method is provided for manufacturing a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for Fluoride ion Batteries, thus, being capable for overcoming high resistances at the surfaces, grain-boundaries of nanoparticles or compartments of the nanoparticles by a material treatment selected from: (i) a ball-mill procedure under aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere, (ii) excess-synthesis, (iii) ball-milling with surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additives or (iv) functionalizing the material to obtain functionalized nanoparticles (GSNP) comprising a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CF.sub.X, Herein, fluorides (Em.sub.mF.sub.h), fluorides composites (Em1.sub.m1Em2.sub.m2 . . . F.sub.h1) are synthesized, wherein a first metal, metalloid or non-metal Em or Em1 and a second metal, metalloid or non-metal Em2 are dissimilarly selected from various elements in a manner that a battery material having an increased ionic conductivity is obtained.

A method of treating a waste liquid: an aluminum dissolution step of dissolving aluminum in an acidic waste liquid and performing separation into a first treated water and a reduced heavy metal precipitate; a gypsum recovery step of adding a calcium compound to the first treated water at a pH of 4 or less, and performing separation into a second treated water and gypsum; a heavy metal coprecipitation step of adding a ferric compound to the second treated water and performing separation into a third treated water and a heavy metal coprecipitate; an aluminum and fluorine removal step of adding an alkali to the third treated water and performing separation into a fourth treated water and a precipitate containing aluminum and fluorine; and a neutralization step of adding an alkali to the fourth treated water and performing separation into an alkali neutralization treated water and a neutralized heavy metal hydroxide.

Provided is a method for recovering lithium, for recovering lithium from a lithium ion secondary battery, the method including: a thermal treatment step of thermally treating a lithium ion secondary battery having a residual voltage higher than or equal to 80% of a rated voltage, to obtain a thermally treated product; a pulverizing step of pulverizing the thermally treated product, to obtain a pulverized product; and a lithium recovering step of recovering lithium from the pulverized product.

A method for recovering valuable substance, for recovering it from lithium ion secondary battery includes: thermal treatment step of thermally treating lithium ion secondary battery to obtain thermally treated product; pulverizing/classifying step of classifying pulverized product obtained by pulverizing thermally treated product, to obtain coarse and fine-grained products both containing valuable substance; water leaching step of immersing fine-grained product in water, to obtain water-leached slurry; wet magnetic sorting step of subjecting water-leached slurry to wet magnetic sorting, to sort water-leached slurry into magnetically attractable materials and non-magnetically attractable material slurry; and acid leaching step of adding acidic solution to either or both of non-magnetically attractable material slurry recovered by wet magnetic sorting and non-magnetically attractable materials obtained by solid-liquid separation of non-magnetically attractable material slurry to leach non-magnetically attractable materials at pH lower than 4, followed by solid-liquid separation to obtain acid leaching liquid and acid leaching residue.