An anode material includes a silicon composite substrate. In the X-ray diffraction pattern of the anode material, the highest intensity at 2θ within the range of 28.0° to 29.0° is I.sub.2, and the highest intensity at 2θ within the range of 20.5° to 21.5° is I.sub.1, wherein 0<I.sub.2/I.sub.1≤1. The anode material has good cycle performance, and the battery prepared with the anode material has better rate performance and a lower swelling rate.

A method for preparing two-dimensional (2D) ordered mesoporous nanosheets by inorganic salt interface-induced assembly includes the following steps: carrying out, by using a soluble inorganic salt as a substrate and an amphiphilic block copolymer as a template, uniform mass diffusion of a target precursor solution at an inorganic salt crystal interface through vacuum filtration or low-speed centrifugation; forming a single-layer ordered mesoporous structure by using the solvent evaporation-induced co-assembly (EICA) technology; and promoting, through gradient temperature-controlled Ostwald ripening, the evaporation and induced formation of an organic solvent, and removing the template in N2 to obtain a 2D single-layer ordered mesoporous nanosheet material. The assembled nanosheet material has a large pore size, regular spherical pores and orderly arrangement. By changing the type of the precursor, a variety of mesoporous metal oxides, metal elements, inorganic non-metal nanosheets are synthesized.

Processes of selectively depositing a metal-containing film comprise: providing a surface having a plurality of materials exposed thereon simultaneously, and exposing the surface to a vapor of a metal-containing film-forming composition that contains a precursor having the formula:
L.sub.xM(—N(R)—(CR′.sub.2).sub.n—NR″.sub.2)
wherein M is a Group 12, Group 13, Group 14, Group 15, Group IV or Group V element; x+1 is the oxidation state of the M; L is an anionic ligand, independently selected from dialkylamine, alkoxy, alkylimine, bis(trialkylsilylamine), amidinate, betadiketonate, keto-imine, halide, or the like; R, R″ each are independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, or trialkylsilyl group; R′ is H or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or trialkylsilyl group; n=1-4,
wherein at least one of the materials is at least partially blocked by a blocking agent from the deposition of the metal-containing film through a vapor deposition process.

Processes of selectively depositing a metal-containing film comprise: providing a surface having a plurality of materials exposed thereon simultaneously, and exposing the surface to a vapor of a metal-containing film-forming composition that contains a precursor having the formula:
L.sub.xM(—N(R)—(CR′.sub.2).sub.n—NR″.sub.2)
wherein M is a Group 12, Group 13, Group 14, Group 15, Group IV or Group V element; x+1 is the oxidation state of the M; L is an anionic ligand, independently selected from dialkylamine, alkoxy, alkylimine, bis(trialkylsilylamine), amidinate, betadiketonate, keto-imine, halide, or the like; R, R″ each are independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, or trialkylsilyl group; R′ is H or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or trialkylsilyl group; n=1-4,
wherein at least one of the materials is at least partially blocked by a blocking agent from the deposition of the metal-containing film through a vapor deposition process.

A process for the production of nanoparticles from a liquid mixture comprising at least one precursor and at least one solvent in a reactor with continuous through-flow comprises the steps of feeding at least one oxygen-containing gas inflow stream having a temperature into the at least one reactor, adding at least one fuel having a temperature to the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream, wherein the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream form a homogeneous ignitable mixture having a temperature, wherein the temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture is above the autoignition temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture, introducing at least one precursor-solvent mixture into the homogeneous ignitable mixture; autoignition of the ignitable mixture of oxygen-containing gas and fuel after an ignition delay time to form a stabilized flame and reacting the precursor-solvent mixture in the stabilized flame to form nanoparticles from the metal salt precursor, removing the formed nanoparticles.

A process for the production of nanoparticles from a liquid mixture comprising at least one precursor and at least one solvent in a reactor with continuous through-flow comprises the steps of feeding at least one oxygen-containing gas inflow stream having a temperature into the at least one reactor, adding at least one fuel having a temperature to the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream, wherein the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream form a homogeneous ignitable mixture having a temperature, wherein the temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture is above the autoignition temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture, introducing at least one precursor-solvent mixture into the homogeneous ignitable mixture; autoignition of the ignitable mixture of oxygen-containing gas and fuel after an ignition delay time to form a stabilized flame and reacting the precursor-solvent mixture in the stabilized flame to form nanoparticles from the metal salt precursor, removing the formed nanoparticles.

Processes of selectively depositing a metal-containing film comprise: providing a surface having a plurality of materials exposed thereon simultaneously, and exposing the surface to a vapor of a metal-containing film-forming composition that contains a precursor having the formula:

L.sub.xM(—N(R)—(CR′.sub.2).sub.n—NR″.sub.2)

wherein M is a Group 12, Group 13, Group 14, Group 15, Group IV or Group V element; x+1 is the oxidation state of the M; L is an anionic ligand, independently selected from dialkylamine, alkoxy, alkylimine, bis(trialkylsilylamine), amidinate, betadiketonate, keto-imine, halide, or the like; R, R″ each are independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, or trialkylsilyl group; R′ is H or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or trialkylsilyl group; n=1-4,
wherein at least one of the materials is at least partially blocked by a blocking agent from the deposition of the metal-containing film through a vapor deposition process.

A process for the production of nanoparticles from a liquid mixture comprising at least one precursor and at least one solvent in a reactor with continuous through-flow comprises the steps of feeding at least one oxygen-containing gas inflow stream having a temperature into the at least one reactor, adding at least one fuel having a temperature to the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream, wherein the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream form a homogeneous ignitable mixture having a temperature, wherein the temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture is above the autoignition temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture, introducing at least one precursor-solvent mixture into the homogeneous ignitable mixture; autoignition of the ignitable mixture of oxygen-containing gas and fuel after an ignition delay time to form a stabilized flame and reacting the precursor-solvent mixture in the stabilized flame to form nanoparticles from the metal salt precursor, removing the formed nanoparticles.

Disclosed is boehmite having a ratio of a micropore volume to a mesopore volume of 0.50 or more and a loose bulk density of 0.30 g/mL or more. The loose bulk density is preferably 0.70 g/mL or more.

Disclosed is boehmite having a ratio of a micropore volume to a mesopore volume of 0.50 or more and a loose bulk density of 0.30 g/mL or more. The loose bulk density is preferably 0.70 g/mL or more.