Disclosed herein are systems and processes for treating a Waste Stream comprising biosolids, the Waste Stream provided at varying flow rates and solids concentrations so as to achieve an SOUR of 1.5 mg O.sub.2/g/hr or less and an ORP of at least +300 mV. The system includes a biosolids manipulation device to adjust the volume of suspended solids as a percent of the total volume of the Waste Stream to five (5) percent or less; a chemical oxidant feed device to dose the Waste Stream with an oxidant such as chlorine dioxide, ozone, or similar oxidant, and a treatment vessel associated with said chemical oxidant feed device through which said Waste Stream flows, wherein said chemical oxidant feed device and said treatment device are configured so as to achieve a dose rate between 25 and 200 parts per million of the Waste Stream and substantially complete mixing of the oxidant within 30 seconds of dose delivery in the treatment vessel.

Various implementations include a fluid treatment device. The device includes an outer tube, an inner tube, a plurality of blades, and a media. The outer tube includes an inner surface. The inner tube is coaxially disposed within the outer tube. An outer surface of the inner tube and the inner surface of the outer tube define an annulus that axially extends between the ends of the inner tube. The plurality of blades is disposed within the annulus. The plurality of blades is configured to alter a component of a flow direction of fluid flowing over the blades in a circumferential direction and/or a radial direction. The media is disposed within the inner tube. The inner tube defines a plurality of perforations extending between its outer surface and inner surface. The annulus defines an entire flow path of fluid flowing between the outer tube and the inner tube.

A system and method for controlling the accelerated remediation of the water of an aquatic facility using at least one sanitizer sensor, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor and a chlorine dioxide sensor all interfaced with a programmable controller that is programmed to implement an accelerated remediation cycle and configured to calculate a Ct value of the water chemical feed system. The programmable controller activates a chemical feed system to supply an acid, an oxidizer and a chlorite ion donor to a conduit to form chlorine dioxide that is supplied to the water until a desire Ct value is reached.

A disinfection apparatus for drainage piping of sanitary equipment includes a cleansing tank, a toilet bowl, and a drainage pipe connected to the toilet bowl. When the sanitary equipment is used, a fixed amount of cleansing water is supplied to the toilet bowl from the cleansing tank, and the cleansing water after cleansing the toilet bowl is drained from the drainage pipe. A sensor senses a supply of water to the cleansing tank. A chemical liquid pump supplies a fixed amount of chemical liquid from a chemical liquid tank to the cleansing tank. A control unit is configured to operate the chemical liquid pump by means of a water supply sensing signal from the sensor to supply a fixed amount of chlorine dioxide to the cleansing tank, thereby maintaining the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the cleansing water within the cleansing tank at a fixed concentration.

A system and method for controlling the accelerated remediation of aquatic facilities using at least one sanitizer sensor, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor and a chlorine dioxide sensor all interfaced with a programmable controller that is programmed to implement a remediation cycle and configured to calculate a Ct value, the sensors being in fluid contact with water of the aquatic facility, and the programmable controller is interfaced with a chemical feed system for supplying chlorine dioxide to the water.

A system to produce reactive oxidative species in a fluid medium containing a source of Cl(I) by irradiating a solid photocatalyst suspended in the fluid medium or residing on a surface that is contactable by the fluid with electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation can be in the UV, near-UV, visible, or near-IR consistent with the photocatalyst employed. The source of Cl(I) in certain embodiments is Cl.sub.2, HOCl, or H.sub.2NCl. The photocatalyst is g-C.sub.3N.sub.4, TiO.sub.2, BBiOBr, or any other solid insoluble photocatalyst.

A method to reduce ammonia levels in an aqueous solution. Hydrogen and chlorine gases are injected into a closed-loop aqueous tank containing the toxic ammonia compound to incite various chemical reactions. Bi-products resulting from the various chemical reactions are removed with filtration and/or adsorption to effectively remove the toxins and contaminants from the aqueous solution.

A method of treating a liquid, the method including: receiving a chemically treated liquid; passing the chemically treated liquid through a nanobubble generator to produce a nanobubble-containing liquid; treating the nanobubble-containing liquid with disinfecting radiation to produce a resultant liquid; and releasing the resultant liquid for use. A liquid treatment system including: a source of liquid; a chemical treatment station to test the chemical content of the source liquid and, if necessary, provide an appropriate amount of chemical treatment to the liquid to provide a chemically treated liquid; a nanobubble generator in fluid communication with the chemical treatment station that generates nanobubbles to provide a nanobubble liquid; a radiation-based disinfecting unit (RDU) in fluid communication with the nanobubble generator that exposes the nanobubble liquid to radiation and provides treated liquid; a pump to produce a liquid flow through the system; and an outlet through which the treated liquid flows.

A system, method and apparatus for determining and controlling water clarity or water opacity especially useful in pools, spas, and contained bodies of water.

Disclosed herein are systems and processes for treating a Waste Stream comprising biosolids, the Waste Stream provided at varying flow rates and solids concentrations so as to achieve an SOUR of 1.5 mg O.sub.2/g/hr or less and an ORP of at least +300 mV. The system includes a biosolids manipulation device to adjust the volume of suspended solids as a percent of the total volume of the Waste Stream to five (5) percent or less; a chemical oxidant feed device to dose the Waste Stream with an oxidant such as chlorine dioxide, ozone, or similar oxidant, and a treatment vessel associated with said chemical oxidant feed device through which said Waste Stream flows, wherein said chemical oxidant feed device and said treatment device are configured so as to achieve a dose rate between 25 and 200 parts per million of the Waste Stream and substantially complete mixing of the oxidant within 30 seconds of dose delivery in the treatment vessel.