A system and a method for separation of ions from ions-containing medium is disclosed herein, that utilizes capacitive-faradaic fuel cells (CFFC) particles coated at least partially with catalysts capable of catalyzing redox reactions provided a reductant (fuel) and/or an oxidant, thereby polarizing the particles to more effectively absorb charged species (ions) from the water upon introducing, e.g., H.sub.2 gas or O.sub.2 gas, in the medium during the adsorption or regeneration. The same concept is utilized in a hybrid electrochemical cell for providing a system and a method for generating and converting electrochemical energy.

A dewatering apparatus for cellulosic materials includes a chamber for an aqueous solution of a cellulosic material, an inner electrode in the chamber, an outer electrode in the chamber about the inner electrode, and a power supply connected to the inner electrode and the outer electrode applying a voltage potential across the electrodes to remove water associated with the aqueous solution and to dewater the cellulosic materials.

Electrolytic liquid generation device includes stacked body in which conductive membrane is interposed between cathode and anode constituting electrodes, electrolytic part that electrolyzes a liquid, and housing in which electrolytic part is disposed. Housing includes flow path in which a liquid flowing direction intersects a stacking direction of stacked body. Electrolytic part includes slot open to flow path in which a part of interface between conductive membrane and the electrode is exposed. In housing, positioning member is disposed, and positioning member positions the electrode. This configuration provides electrolytic liquid generation device in which an electrode can be downsized and the electrode can be positioned in housing.

The polarization and turbulent water ionizer intended for white and sanitary conveniences comprising a hollow body with a system of through-flow openings for inlet and outlet of water fitted with systems of electrodes arranged inside in an alternating manner, made of differently conductive materials and stabilized within spacers is further resolved in a manner where the cylindrical or flat electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode have turbulent openings (3) and/or deflected turbulent fans (4), where the hollow body (5) is fitted with a shield (6) protecting against electromagnetic field. In one embodiment the axes of the cylindrical electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode are arranged inside the hollow body (5) and oriented perpendicularly to the through-flow openings (7). In the other case, the axes of the flat electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode are arranged inside the hollow body (5) and oriented axially with reference to the through-flow openings (7). The shield (6) protecting against electromagnetic field applied on the inner side of the hollow body (5) refers to a metallic grid/gauze and/or a metallic plate.

Illustrative configurations of a pet hydration system and methods are disclosed. The pet hydration system includes a bowl section configured to temporarily store water therein. In one configuration, a hydrogen-generation assembly is positioned in the bowl section. The hydrogen-generation assembly generates and introduces hydrogen into the water temporarily stored in the bowl section. In other configurations, methods related to pet hydration are also disclosed.

An electrolytic liquid production device includes: an electrolyzer configured to perform electrolytic treatment to a liquid; elastic body configured to press the electrolyzer; and housing having the electrolyzer and elastic body disposed inside housing. Housing has inlet port that the liquid supplied to the electrolyzer flows into, and outlet port that an electrolytic liquid produced in the electrolyzer flows out from. Elastic body includes positioning depressed portion, and housing includes positioning protruding portion. Elastic body is positioned with respect to housing by inserting positioning protruding portion of housing into positioning depressed portion of elastic body. Thus, there is provided an electrolytic liquid production device capable of suppressing bias of elastic body inside housing.

A water treatment apparatus including an underwater plasma discharge module is provided. The water treatment apparatus includes a dissolved air flotation device configured to remove foreign matter contained in water and an underwater plasma discharge module disposed at a preceding stage of the dissolved air flotation device and configured to cause a portion of the water to be introduced into the dissolved air flotation device to perform underwater plasma discharging, wherein the dissolved air flotation device comprises a mixing and coagulation basin configured to coagulate or flocculate the foreign matter contained in the water to form and grow flocs of the foreign matter, and a flotation basin configured to raise and remove the flocs by supplying microbubbles to the water passing through the mixing and coagulation basin.

An electrolytic liquid generation device includes stacked body in which conductive membrane is stacked and interposed between cathode and anode adjacent to each other, electrolytic part that electrolyzes liquid, and housing in which electrolytic part is disposed and flow path is formed. Electrolytic part includes slot that is open in flow path, and in the slot, a part of interface between conductive membrane and cathode and anode is exposed. Either one of the electrodes of cathode and anode has an outer periphery smaller in width than slot of electrolytic part. This can provide an electrolytic liquid generation device capable of improving the concentration of an electrolytic product dissolved in liquid.

A method for operating a wastewater treatment system is disclosed wherein the wastewater treatment system comprises at least one electrochemical cell comprising dimensionally stable electrodes having the same catalyst composition, the electrodes being immersed in wastewater and being connected to a power supply and wherein the voltage at the power supply is monitored and the polarity of the electrochemical cell(s) is reversed when the recorded voltage increases by a predetermined voltage difference. The wastewater treatment system can comprise at least one electrochemical cell which is kept inactive while the active electrochemical cells are operating. The inactive cell(s) can be activated when all the electrodes of the active cells are consumed as indicated by another increase in voltage at the power supply after the polarity of the active cells has been once reversed.

An electrode includes a microporous titanium substrate coated with a catalytic layer, and the catalytic layer includes magnetic SnO.sub.2—Sb particles. The magnetic SnO.sub.2—Sb particles are attached to the microporous titanium substrate through an external magnetic field. The microporous titanium substrate includes a plurality of membrane pores having a pore size of 5-50 μm that is smaller than a particle size of the magnetic SnO.sub.2—Sb particles.