The invention provides treatments of organic waste. The invention provides a method for treating organic waste (and in particular, animal waste such as waste from a cow) and uses of a composition that is capable of generating a reactive species in methods of reducing biological degradation of organic waste, in the treatment of organic waste. The invention also provides organic waste treated by the methods of the invention and uses of this treated organic waste. The invention also provides a method for improving the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) during anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste.

A technique for wastewater treatment involves ensuring that all paths for wastewater must pass through at least one porous microbial support to go from the inlet to the outlet, and allowing a biofilm to grow on the porous microbial support under microaerobic conditions (concentration of oxygen between 0.05 and 0.35 mg/L). The biofilm formed comprises a population of anaerobic microbes for digesting organics in the wastewater including methanogenic microbes, and an aerobic methanotrophic and heterotrophic population that catabolizes methane from the methanogenic microbes, and oxygen from the injector, to produce heat. The support may be an electrode, and the technique is applied in a microbial electrolysis cell, with substantial COD removal rates.

A water treatment system includes an inlet line, a tank in fluid communication with the inlet line to receive therefrom a fluid flow comprising hydrocarbons and water. The tank includes components configured to separate the fluid flow into a hydrocarbon flow and a water flow, with the water flow including a residual amount of hydrocarbons. A first outlet line is in fluid communication with the tank to discharge therefrom the water flow. A second outlet line is in fluid communication with the tank to discharge therefrom the hydrocarbon flow. A sensor is associated with one of the inlet line, the first outlet line, and the second outlet line, and a valve is associated with the second outlet line. In addition, a controller is configured to determine a property of at least one of the fluid flow, the hydrocarbon flow, and the water flow using the sensor, and to control the valve based upon the property so as to reduce the residual amount of hydrocarbons in the water flow.

An optical sensor determines a characteristic of a fluid medium based on a plurality of detector outputs and a characteristic model. The optical sensor directs light into the fluid medium, detects light at each of a plurality of wavelengths transmitted through the fluid medium, and produces therefrom the plurality of detector outputs. The characteristic model provides an estimate of the characteristic of the fluid medium based on a partial least squares analysis of optical transmission measurements through at least one reference fluid medium having a known characteristic.

A technique for wastewater treatment involves ensuring that all paths for wastewater must pass through at least one porous microbial support to go from the inlet to the outlet, and allowing a biofilm to grow on the porous microbial support under microaerobic conditions (concentration of oxygen between 0.05 and 0.35 mg/L). The biofilm formed comprises a population of anaerobic microbes for digesting organics in the wastewater including methanogenic microbes, and an aerobic methanotrophic and heterotrophic population that catabolizes methane from the methanogenic microbes, and oxygen from the injector, to produce heat. The support may be an electrode, and the technique is applied in a microbial electrolysis cell, with substantial COD removal rates.

A method for preventing and treating pollution plume migration of a permeable reactive barrier including: mounting monitoring assemblies, so as to monitor operation parameters of an active filler in a reactive barrier and a downstream water body of the reactive barrier in real time; determining whether the active filler in the reactive barrier is passivated according to a change state of the operation parameters, and if passivation occurs, performing a depassivation treatment on the reactive barrier; determining whether a gas blockage occurs in the active filler in the reactive barrier according to the change state of the operation parameters, and if a gas blockage occurs, performing a gas guiding treatment on the reactive barrier; and determining whether a microorganism content in the reactive barrier is greater than a preset microorganism value according to the change state of the operation parameters.

The invention provides treatments of organic waste. The invention provides a method for treating organic waste (and in particular, animal waste such as waste from a cow) and uses of a composition that is capable of generating a reactive species in methods of reducing biological degradation of organic waste, in the treatment of organic waste. The invention also provides organic waste treated by the methods of the invention and uses of this treated organic waste. The invention also provides a method for improving the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) during anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste.

The disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus configured to manage a filtration media bed and apparatuses associated therewith. Information associated with the detection of an amount of one or more target contaminates present in a gas phase or liquid phase in a filtration operation can be provided. One or more target contaminates can be removed from a gas or liquid phase traveling in and through the system via a media bed material. The filtration system media bed arrangement can include a plurality of media bed zones. Sensors or sensor arrangements can detect an amount of target contaminate that has flowed through the filtration apparatus over a period of time vis a vis one or more media bed zones. Condition states for each of the media bed zones or the entirety of a media bed arrangement can be generated to better ensure effective target contaminant removal over time.

A method of automatically controlling contaminant coagulation includes receiving, by a controller, measurement signals from a plurality of sensors including a turbidity meter that measures turbidity upstream of a coagulation tank, a first spectrophotometer that measures light absorbance upstream of the coagulation tank, a pH meter that measures a pH upstream of the coagulation tank, a temperature probe that measures a temperature upstream of the coagulation tank, a second spectrophotometer that measures light absorbance downstream of a sedimentation tank, and a trihalomethane (THM) sensor that measures a THM level downstream of the sedimentation tank. The controller determines, based at least on the measurement signals from the sensors, a coagulant dose to be administered to the fluid stream in the coagulation tank to obtain a contaminant level below a predetermined threshold value, and causes the determined coagulant dose to be administered to the fluid stream at the coagulation tank.

The disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus configured to manage a filtration media bed and apparatuses associated therewith. Information associated with the detection of an amount of one or more target contaminates present in a gas phase or liquid phase in a filtration operation can be provided. One or more target contaminates can be removed from a gas or liquid phase traveling in and through the system via a media bed material. The filtration system media bed arrangement can include a plurality of media bed zones. Sensors or sensor arrangements can detect an amount of target contaminate that has flowed through the filtration apparatus over a period of time vis a vis one or more media bed zones. Condition states for each of the media bed zones or the entirety of a media bed arrangement can be generated to better ensure effective target contaminant removal over time.