The present disclosure describes a microorganism support structure, including a gas-permeable layer comprising two opposing surfaces; a microorganism adhesive coats at least one surface of the gas-permeable layer; and a microorganism disposed on the microorganism adhesive-coated surface of the layer. The microorganism adhesive enhances the adhesion of the microorganism on the layer compared to a gas-permeable layer that does not have the microorganism adhesive.

A microbial fuel cell system includes a supply-drain compartment having a supply port and a drain port of an electrolytic solution. The microbial fuel cell system further includes one or more power generation cassettes provided in the supply-drain compartment and each including a microbial fuel cell including: a positive electrode including a first water-repellent layer in contact with a gas phase and a gas diffusion layer attached to the first water-repellent layer; and a negative electrode holding anaerobic microorganisms. The microbial fuel cell system includes one or more purifying cassettes provided in the supply-drain compartment and each including a second water-repellent layer in contact with the gas phase. The power generation cassettes are arranged on the upstream side in a direction in which the electrolytic solution flows from the supply port toward the drain port, and the purifying cassettes are arranged on the downstream side of the power generation cassettes.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for catalytic removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water and wastewater. The system and methods utilize a catalyst film and a biofilm to synergystically remove PFAS from water. In some aspects, the catalyst film reduces and defluorinates PFAS into less fluorinated counterparts of PFAS, and the biofilm metabolizes the less fluroinated counterparts of PFAS into CO.sub.2 or shorter chain PFAS.

The present disclosure discloses a method for determining optimal preservation temperature of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation biofilm in wastewater treatment, and belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering. The method of the present disclosure characterizes the ratio of living cells, early apoptotic cells, late apoptotic cells and dead cells in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation biofilm by flow cytometry, and the optimum storage temperature can be measured within a few hours. The method of the present disclosure performs correlation analysis on the characteristic indexes of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation biofilm activity recovery process to verify the reliability of the data. By using the method of the present disclosure, the step of recovering the biofilm activity can be omitted, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were over 90% and 85%, respectively.

Disclosed is an intelligent circulation and allocation control system for multiple surface and ground water resources, including a physical, chemical and biological multi-stage decentralized restoration system, which is respectively connected with a water quality detection and reinjection system, an integrated data processing system, an intelligent safety early warning system, and an asynchronous and self-adaptive dual-regulation optimization control system, the water quality detection and reinjection system is connected with the intelligent safety early warning system, the intelligent safety early warning system is connected with the integrated data processing system, and the integrated data processing system is further connected with the asynchronous and self-adaptive dual-regulation optimization control system. The intelligent circulation and allocation control system is based on an improved wastewater treatment process coupling physical, chemical and biological technologies and combined with an artificial intelligence technology to treat various water sources in a macroscopic water environment and optimize allocation control.

An apparatus has a plurality of gas transfer membranes. The apparatus floats in water with the membranes submerged in the water. To treat the water, a gas is supplied to the membranes and is transferred to a biofilm supported on the membranes or to the water. Gas is also used to supply mixing or membrane scouring bubbles to the water. The mixing or scouring bubbles can be provided by a cyclic aeration or other gas supply system, which optionally provides gas at a variable pressure to the membranes in parallel or series with an aerator. Condensates can be removed from the membranes, and exhaust gasses from the membranes can be monitored, optionally through one or more dedicated pipes.

An apparatus has a plurality of gas transfer membranes. The apparatus floats in water with the membranes submerged in the water. To treat the water, a gas is supplied to the membranes and is transferred to a biofilm supported on the membranes or to the water. Gas is also used to supply mixing or membrane scouring bubbles to the water. The mixing or scouring bubbles can be provided by a cyclic aeration or other gas supply system, which optionally provides gas at a variable pressure to the membranes in parallel or series with an aerator. Condensates can be removed from the membranes, and exhaust gasses from the membranes can be monitored, optionally through one or more dedicated pipes.

A permeable reactive barrier having two or more layers of a geotextile fabric inoculated with a bioremediation microbe is provided. The permeable reactive barrier further includes two or more layers of coarse-grained geological material separating the two or more layers of geotextile fabric such that any pair of adjacent layers of geotextile fabric is separated by a layer of coarse-grained geological material. The permeable reactive barrier includes a perforated metal casing surrounding and containing the layers of coarse-grained geological materials and geotextile fabric.

This specification describes a membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) and processes for nitritation, nitritation-denitritation or deammonification. The supply of oxygen through the gas-transfer membrane is limited to suppress the growth of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Exhaust gas from an MABR unit may have an oxygen concentration of 4% or less. The process can optionally include one or more of: intermittent (batch) feed of process air; process air modulation; process air direction reversal; process air recycle; and, process air cascade flow. The process can optionally include adding a seed sludge containing anammox to a reactor, optionally after pre-treatment and selection. The process can optionally include pre-seeding an MABR media.

A device for converting biomass into a redox mediator in reduced form, including an assembly of microbial fuel cells including a first compartment including an anode and fermentative microorganisms and electroactive microorganisms, and a second compartment including a cathode and a solution including the mediator, and an external resistor connecting the cathode and the anode. The value of the external resistance of at least one microbial fuel cell is distinct from that of at least one other microbial fuel cell. The device thus makes it possible to induce segregation of fermentative microorganisms and electroactive microorganisms along the assembly.