A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream into a reaction zone of a reactor, the feed stream comprising hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. An additional stream is introduced into the reaction zone of the reactor, the additional stream comprising carbon dioxide. A combined stream that includes the feed stream and the additional stream is converted into a product stream comprising C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a mixed metal oxide catalyst component, and a microporous catalyst component. The process operates at a gas hourly space velocity in excess of 2500 hr.sup.-1 and effectively yields a net carbon dioxide selectivity of less than 5.0% and a productivity of C.sub.2-C.sub.4 hydrocarbons greater than 75 g hydrocarbons per kilogram of catalyst per hour.

Supported catalyst for use in a process for the synthesis of methanol, characterized in that the supported catalyst comprises indium oxide in the form of In.sub.2O.sub.3 and at least one noble metal being palladium, Pd, wherein both indium oxide and at least one noble metal are deposited on a support remarkable in that the supported catalyst is a calcined supported catalyst comprising from 0.01 to 10.0 wt. % of palladium and zirconium dioxide (ZrO.sub.2) in an amount of at least 50 wt. % on the total weight of said supported catalyst.

The invention relates to a method for separating off and immobilizing carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide from an exhaust gas (18). In the method, a stoichiometric ratio of carbon dioxide to hydrogen, and/or of carbon monoxide to hydrogen, which is suitable for a methanation reaction is set by virtue of a corresponding quantity of hydrogen or alternatively carbon dioxide and/or possibly carbon monoxide being supplied, with an auxiliary gas (24), to the exhaust gas (18). Subsequently, a catalytic reaction is performed in which, as starting products, carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into methane and water. The methane is separated off from the product of the catalytic reaction and is subsequently split into carbon and hydrogen, wherein the carbon takes solid form. The split-off carbon is collected and disposed of.

Method to prepare a catalyst for use in a process for the synthesis of methanol, comprising indium oxide in the form of In.sub.2O.sub.3, and at least one additional metal selected from a noble metal; and in that the average particle size of said noble metal phase is, preferably at least 0.05 nm, and less than 5 nm as determined by STEM-EDX, characterized in that the catalyst is prepared by co-precipitation of a saline solution at a pH above 8.5 comprising an indium salt and a salt of the at least one additional metal selected from a noble metal and optionally further comprising a salt of the at least one alkaline earth metal.

A method is described for shutting down a Fischer-Tropsch reactor fed with a reactant gas mixture comprising a synthesis gas and a recycle gas recovered from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor in a synthesis loop, said Fischer-Tropsch reactor containing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst cooled indirectly by a coolant under pressure, comprising the steps of: (a) depressurising the coolant to cool the reactant gas mixture to quench Fischer-Tropsch reactions taking place in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, (b) stopping the synthesis gas feed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and (c) maintaining circulation of the recycle gas through the Fischer-Tropsch reactor during steps (a) and (b) to remove heat from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. The method safely facilitates a more rapid return to operating conditions than a full shut-down.

Supported catalyst for use in a process for the synthesis of methanol, characterized in that the supported catalyst comprises indium oxide in the form of In.sub.2O.sub.3 and at least one noble metal being palladium, Pd, wherein both indium oxide and at least one noble metal are deposited on a support remarkable in that the supported catalyst is a calcined supported catalyst comprising from 0.01 to 10.0 wt. % of palladium and zirconium dioxide (ZrO.sub.2) in an amount of at least 50 wt. % on the total weight of said supported catalyst.

Method to prepare a catalyst for use in a process for the synthesis of methanol, comprising indium oxide in the form of In.sub.2O.sub.3, and at least one additional metal selected from a noble metal; and in that the average particle size of said noble metal phase is, preferably at least 0.05 nm, and less than 5 nm as determined by STEM-EDX, characterized in that the catalyst is prepared by co-precipitation of a saline solution at a pH above 8.5 comprising an indium salt and a salt of the at least one additional metal selected from a noble metal and optionally further comprising a salt of the at least one alkaline earth metal.

The invention relates to a method for separating off and immobilizing carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide from an exhaust gas (18). In the method, a stoichiometric ratio of carbon dioxide to hydrogen, and/or of carbon monoxide to hydrogen, which is suitable for a methanation reaction is set by virtue of a corresponding quantity of hydrogen or alternatively carbon dioxide and/or possibly carbon monoxide being supplied, with an auxiliary gas (24), to the exhaust gas (18). Subsequently, a catalytic reaction is performed in which, as starting products, carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into methane and water. The methane is separated off from the product of the catalytic reaction and is subsequently split into carbon and hydrogen, wherein the carbon takes solid form. The split-off carbon is collected and disposed of.

The present invention relates to methods for operating Fischer-Tropsch syntheses for the production of long-chain hydrocarbons and to plants for carrying out these processes, wherein the CO conversion is controlled and/or the catalyst deactivation is compensated.

The method comprises a mixing step of obtaining a raw material mixed gas by adding hydrogen to the synthesis gas; a reaction step of obtaining a mixed gas product containing paraxylene by introducing the raw material mixed gas into a reactor and bringing it into contact with a paraxylene synthesis catalyst under heating and pressurization; a separation step of separating the mixed gas product into a gas phase composed of non-condensable components, an oil phase containing paraxylene, and an aqueous phase containing water-soluble components by cooling the mixed gas product to condense high-boiling point components; and a purification step of purifying the oil phase to obtain paraxylene, wherein the mixing step adds hydrogen so that the obtained raw material mixed gas has a composition in which an R value defined by the following formula (1) falls within a range of 0.7 or more and 2.1 or less:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}R=\frac{N_{H2}-N_{\mathrm{CO}2}}{N_{\mathrm{CO}}+N_{\mathrm{CO}2}}.& \left(1\right)\end{array}$