The present disclosure relates to amorphous and crystalline forms of (R)—N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((1S,4S)-4-(6-fluoro-quinolin-4-yl)cyclohexyl)propanamide and its salts/cocrystals, solvates, and/or hydrates, processes for their production, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and methods of treatment using them.

Compositions comprising one or more amphiphilic compounds formed from vinylidene olefins may comprise: a reaction product of one or more vinylidene olefins, in which the reaction product comprises a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion comprising a polar head group bonded to the hydrophobic portion. The one or more vinylidene olefins each comprise a vinylidene group that undergoes a reaction to become saturated and to produce at least part of the hydrophobic portion.

Compositions comprising one or more amphiphilic compounds formed from vinylidene olefins may comprise: a reaction product of one or more vinylidene olefins, in which the reaction product comprises a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion comprising a polar head group bonded to the hydrophobic portion. The one or more vinylidene olefins each comprise a vinylidene group that undergoes a reaction to become saturated and to produce at least part of the hydrophobic portion.

Compositions comprising one or more amphiphilic compounds formed from vinylidene olefins may comprise: a reaction product of one or more vinylidene olefins, in which the reaction product comprises a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion comprising a polar head group bonded to the hydrophobic portion. The one or more vinylidene olefins each comprise a vinylidene group that undergoes a reaction to become saturated and to produce at least part of the hydrophobic portion.

Fused and unfused bicyclic rings are a convenient scaffold for synthesizing various compounds. Amphiphilic compounds constructed upon a fused or unfused bicyclic ring scaffold may exhibit surfactant properties differing from those of more conventional classes of surfactants. Such amphiphilic compounds may have a structure of formula (I), wherein A is an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, or a cycloaliphatic ring, each ring being defined by 5 to 10 ring atoms, B is an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring, each ring being defined by 5 to 6 ring atoms, wherein at least one G is a hydrophobic moiety and at least one G is a hydrophilic moiety, and z is 0 or a positive integer ranging up to the number of ring atoms in each of A and B; and wherein the hydrophobic moiety comprises branched or unbranched C.sub.6 to C.sub.30 alkyl or alkenyl group, and the hydrophilic moiety comprises a polar functional group selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium, sulfonate, sulfate, carboxylate, phosphate, and ethoxylated.

##STR00001##

Fused and unfused bicyclic rings are a convenient scaffold for synthesizing various compounds. Amphiphilic compounds constructed upon a fused or unfused bicyclic ring scaffold may exhibit surfactant properties differing from those of more conventional classes of surfactants. Such amphiphilic compounds may have a structure of formula (I), wherein A is an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, or a cycloaliphatic ring, each ring being defined by 5 to 10 ring atoms, B is an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring, each ring being defined by 5 to 6 ring atoms, wherein at least one G is a hydrophobic moiety and at least one G is a hydrophilic moiety, and z is 0 or a positive integer ranging up to the number of ring atoms in each of A and B; and wherein the hydrophobic moiety comprises branched or unbranched C.sub.6 to C.sub.30 alkyl or alkenyl group, and the hydrophilic moiety comprises a polar functional group selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium, sulfonate, sulfate, carboxylate, phosphate, and ethoxylated.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to compounds of the general formulae (I)-(IV), which are characterized by substituents B comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and their use as marker groups for the detection of analytes.

The invention relates to compounds of the general formulae (I)-(IV), which are characterized by substituents B comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and their use as marker groups for the detection of analytes.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a salt, including reacting M.sup.+X.sup.− with YH to generate XH and M.sup.+Y.sup.− and subsequently removing the generated XH to obtain the M.sup.+Y.sup.−.

In the method of producing a salt, M.sup.+X.sup.− is a salt of a cation represented by M.sup.+ and an anion represented by X.sup.−, M.sup.+Y.sup.− is a salt of the cation represented by M.sup.+ and an anion represented by Y.sup.−, XH is a conjugate acid of X.sup.−, YH is a conjugate acid of Y.sup.−, M.sup.+Y.sup.− is a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with an active ray or a radioactive ray, a pKa of XH is larger than a pKa of YH, and a ClogP value of XH is larger than 2.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a salt, including reacting M.sup.+X.sup.− with YH to generate XH and M.sup.+Y.sup.− and subsequently removing the generated XH to obtain the M.sup.+Y.sup.−.

In the method of producing a salt, M.sup.+X.sup.− is a salt of a cation represented by M.sup.+ and an anion represented by X.sup.−, M.sup.+Y.sup.− is a salt of the cation represented by M.sup.+ and an anion represented by Y.sup.−, XH is a conjugate acid of X.sup.−, YH is a conjugate acid of Y.sup.−, M.sup.+Y.sup.− is a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with an active ray or a radioactive ray, a pKa of XH is larger than a pKa of YH, and a ClogP value of XH is larger than 2.