A rare earth complex including a rare earth ion and a ligand coordinated with the rare earth ion and having a condensed polycyclic aromatic group. The condensed polycyclic aromatic group is a residue formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the following formula (I) or (II): ##STR00001##

A rare earth complex including a rare earth ion and a ligand coordinated with the rare earth ion and having a condensed polycyclic aromatic group. The condensed polycyclic aromatic group is a residue formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the following formula (I) or (II): ##STR00001##

A fungicidal composition comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B), wherein component (A) is a 8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide of formula I and component (B) is selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, cyprodinil, fluazinam, isopyrazam, pyroquilon, tricyclazole, chlorothalonil, propiconazole, aminopyrifen, penconazole, prothioconazole, mancozeb, fenproprimorph, fenpropidin, sulphur and Bacillus subtilis strains, as well as to the use of the compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably, fungi.

A fungicidal composition comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B), wherein component (A) is a 8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide of formula I and component (B) is selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, cyprodinil, fluazinam, isopyrazam, pyroquilon, tricyclazole, chlorothalonil, propiconazole, aminopyrifen, penconazole, prothioconazole, mancozeb, fenproprimorph, fenpropidin, sulphur and Bacillus subtilis strains, as well as to the use of the compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably, fungi.

A rare earth complex including a rare earth ion and a ligand coordinated with the rare earth ion and having a condensed polycyclic aromatic group. The condensed polycyclic aromatic group is a residue formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the following formula (I) or (II):

##STR00001##

A rare earth complex including a rare earth ion and a ligand coordinated with the rare earth ion and having a condensed polycyclic aromatic group. The condensed polycyclic aromatic group is a residue formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the following formula (I) or (II):

##STR00001##

A substance having a hole-transport property and a wide band gap is provided. A fluorene compound represented by a general formula (G1) is provided. In the general formula (G1), .sup.1 and .sup.2 separately represent a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms; Ar.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted 4-dibenzothiophenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 4-dibenzofuranyl group; n and k separately represent 0 or 1; Q.sup.1 represents sulfur or oxygen; and R.sup.1 to R.sup.15 separately represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. ##STR00001##

A substance having a hole-transport property and a wide band gap is provided. A fluorene compound represented by a general formula (G1) is provided. In the general formula (G1), .sup.1 and .sup.2 separately represent a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms; Ar.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted 4-dibenzothiophenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 4-dibenzofuranyl group; n and k separately represent 0 or 1; Q.sup.1 represents sulfur or oxygen; and R.sup.1 to R.sup.15 separately represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. ##STR00001##