Chemical linkage reagents, methods of making and method of using the same are provided. Chemical linkage reagents according to at least some of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be incorporated into or operatively-linked with affinity molecules for attachment to silicon oxide surfaces to, for example, measure interactions between an affinity molecule and its targeting biomolecules.

A method of producing an alcohol, comprises reducing an aldehyde or a ketone with a hydridosilatrane. The reducing is carried out with an activator.

A phosphonium compound, an epoxy resin composition including the same, a semiconductor device encapsulated with the same, and a method of encapsulating a semiconductor device, the phosphonium compound being represented by Formula 1: ##STR00001##

A phosphonium compound, an epoxy resin composition including the same, a semiconductor device encapsulated with the same, and a method of encapsulating a semiconductor device, the phosphonium compound being represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001##