Compositions are provided which may comprise a plurality of organic additive particles, the particles comprising a polymerization product of reactants comprising a dioxane/dioxolane monomer and a vinyl co-monomer, wherein the dioxane/dioxolane monomer is an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxane moiety, an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxolane moiety, or both. Toner and additive manufacturing compositions comprising the organic additive particles are also provided.

The present invention provides a material for intraocular lens which has improved hydrolysis resistance. The material for intraocular lens according to the present invention is obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition comprising: a base monomer, a hydrophilic monomer, and a cross-likable monomer, wherein the base monomer comprises an aromatic ring-containing acrylate monomer and an alkoxyalkyl methacrylate monomer having an alkoxyalkyl group having four or less carbon atoms. A blending ratio on a molar basis of the methacrylate monomer with respect to the acrylate monomer in all the monomer components contained in the monomer composition is 0.25 to 1.00.

A positive resist composition is provided comprising two onium salts, a base polymer comprising acid labile group-containing recurring units, and an organic solvent. The positive resist composition forms a pattern having PED stability and improved properties including DOF, LWR, and controlled footing profile.

The present invention is a method for producing a powder dispersant composition for hydraulic compositions including, drying a mixture containing a copolymer having constituent unit (1) represented by the following formula (1) and constituent unit (2) represented by the following formula (2) and water to produce a powder containing the copolymer, wherein: when the copolymer is a copolymer whose n in constituent unit (2) is less than 40, the mixture is dried by a thin film drying method or a spray drying method with a pH of 11 or more and 14 or less; when the copolymer is a copolymer whose n in constituent unit (2) is 40 or more and less than 80, the mixture is dried by a thin film drying method or a spray drying method with a pH of 9 or more and 14 or less; and when the copolymer is a copolymer whose n in constituent unit (2) is 80 or more, the mixture is dried by a thin film drying method or a spray drying method with a pH of 7 or more and 14 or less,

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and individually represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and individually represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group with 1 or more and 3 or less carbons; M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, ammonium or an organic ammonium; p represents a number of 0 or more and 2 or less; q represents a number of 0 or 1; and n represents an average number of added moles and a number of 5 or more and 150 or less.

The present invention is a method for producing a powder dispersant composition for hydraulic compositions including, drying a mixture containing a copolymer having constituent unit (1) represented by the following formula (1) and constituent unit (2) represented by the following formula (2) and water to produce a powder containing the copolymer, wherein: when the copolymer is a copolymer whose n in constituent unit (2) is less than 40, the mixture is dried by a thin film drying method or a spray drying method with a pH of 11 or more and 14 or less; when the copolymer is a copolymer whose n in constituent unit (2) is 40 or more and less than 80, the mixture is dried by a thin film drying method or a spray drying method with a pH of 9 or more and 14 or less; and when the copolymer is a copolymer whose n in constituent unit (2) is 80 or more, the mixture is dried by a thin film drying method or a spray drying method with a pH of 7 or more and 14 or less,

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and individually represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and individually represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group with 1 or more and 3 or less carbons; M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, ammonium or an organic ammonium; p represents a number of 0 or more and 2 or less; q represents a number of 0 or 1; and n represents an average number of added moles and a number of 5 or more and 150 or less.

A resin produced by a conventional technique has a weak nature in terms of hydrolysis resistance. For example, in a case where the resin produced by a conventional technique is used in an area with a highly humid climate such as Japan for a long period of time, deterioration of the resin due to hydrolysis becomes a concern. A resin composition is described that is optimized in the molecular structure design of the resin and in the catalyst in order to improve the hydrolysis resistance. Specifically, the resin composition contains (1) a copolymer of a vinyl compound having two or more epoxy groups, a carboxylic acid anhydride, and a transesterification reaction catalyst, or (2) a copolymer of a vinyl compound having two or more carboxylic acid anhydride groups, an epoxy, and a transesterification reaction catalyst.

A pattern forming method includes: applying an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation- sensitive resin composition onto a substrate to form a resist film; forming an upper layer film on the resist film, using a composition for forming an upper layer film; exposing the resist film having the upper layer film formed thereon; and developing the exposed resist film using a developer including an organic solvent to form a pattern. The composition for forming an upper layer film contains a resin having a repeating unit (a) with a ClogP value of 2.85 or more and a compound (b) with a ClogP of 1.30 or less, and the receding contact angle of the upper layer film with water is 70 degrees or more, a resist pattern formed by the pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device, including the pattern forming method.

Disclosed are hydrophobic, acrylic materials having both high refractive index and a high Abbe number. The materials may have an internal wetting agent, are well suited for use as implantable ophthalmic devices, and have a refractive index which may be edited through application of energy. When used for an intraocular lens, the high refractive index allows for a thin lens which compresses to allow a small incision size.

A window module including a window, a first print layer, an ink layer, and a protective layer covering the ink layer. The protective layer includes a polymer resin polymerized from monomers including a first monomer which is an acrylic monomer substituted with a hydroxy group, a second monomer having an epoxy group, and at least one of a third monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a fourth monomer which is an acrylic monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic alkyl group, and thus, has excellent durability, chemical resistance, and abrasion resistance.

The present invention relates to radiation curable compositions, comprising (A1) at least one water-soluble reactive diluent (A1); (A2) at least one water-soluble reactive oligomer (A2); (B) at least one reactive component selected from the group consisting of a water insoluble reactive diluent (B1a), a slightly water-soluble reactive diluent (B1b) and a water insoluble, or slightly water-soluble reactive oligomer (B2); and (C) optionally a photoinitiator (C), wherein the amount of component (A1) and (A2) is greater than 20% by weight, especially 30% by weight based on the amount of components (A1), (A2), (B1a), (B1b) and (B2) and the amount of components (B1a), (B1b) and (B2) is greater than 10% by weight, especially 20% by weight based on the amount of components (A1), (A2), (B1a), (B1b) and (B2); radiation curable composition, comprising (A1′) at least one slightly water-soluble reactive diluent (B1b); (A2) at least one water-soluble reactive oligomer (A2); (B) at least one reactive component selected from the group consisting of a water insoluble reactive diluent (B1a) and a water insoluble, or slightly water-soluble reactive oligomer (B2); and (C) optionally a photoinitiator (C), wherein the amount of component (B1b) and (A2) is greater than 40% by weight, especially 50% by weight based on the amount of components (A2), (B1a), (B1b) and (B2) and the amount of components (B1a), (B1b) and (B2) is greater than 10% by weight, especially 20% by weight based on the amount of components (A2), (B1a), (B1b) and (B2). The radiation curable compositions can be cleaned by pure water with no assistance of any solvent or detergent. The printed three-dimensional products have clean, smooth, tack-free surface after washing with water and sufficient post-curing. The fully cured three-dimensional products are high-temperature resistant and have excellent mechanical performance above glass transition temperature, e.g. 200° C.