A light emitting device having excellent luminance life contains an anode, a cathode, a first organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and a second organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The first organic layer contains a compound represented by the formula (C-1), and the second organic layer contains a compound represented by the formula (C-1) and a cross-linked body of a crosslinkable material. ##STR00001##
Ring R.sup.1C and Ring R.sup.2C represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hetero ring and R.sup.C represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a group represented by the formula (C′-1). ##STR00002##
Ring R.sup.3C and Ring R.sup.4C represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hetero ring and R.sup.C′ represents a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom, a tin atom or a lead atom.

A solid electrolytic capacitor containing a capacitor element is provided. The capacitor element contains an anode body, a dielectric that overlies the anode body, a pre-coat that overlies the dielectric and that is formed from an organometallic compound, and a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric. The solid electrolyte includes an intrinsically conductive polymer containing repeating thiophene units of a certain formula.

Certain embodiments are directed to the use of amide coupling chemistry to covalently link five different biofunctional groups onto an anionic water soluble poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) polymer. Two of the biofunctionalized PPEs are used in prototype applications, including pH sensing and flow cytometry labeling.

A solid electrolytic capacitor containing a capacitor element is provided. The capacitor element contains an anode body, a dielectric that overlies the anode body, a pre-coat that overlies the dielectric and that is formed from an organometallic compound, and a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric. The solid electrolyte includes an intrinsically conductive polymer containing repeating thiophene units of a certain formula.

A polymer having a first repeat unit of formula (I) and a second repeat unit of formula (II):

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.1 is an ionic substituent and R.sup.2 is a substituent; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently a non-ionic substituent; R.sup.5 independently in each occurrence is a substituent; and each p is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. A layer of an organic electronic device, e.g. an electron-transporting or electron-injecting layer of an organic light-emitting device, may be formed by deposition of an ink containing the polymer dissolved in a solvent. A light-emitting marker for use in an assay may contain the polymer.

A light emitting device having excellent luminance life contains an anode, a cathode, a first organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and a second organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The first organic layer contains a compound represented by the formula (C-1), and the second organic layer contains a compound represented by the formula (C-1) and a cross-linked body of a crosslinkable material.

##STR00001##

Ring R.sup.1C and Ring R.sup.2C represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hetero ring and R.sup.C represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a group represented by the formula (C-1).

##STR00002##

Ring R.sup.3C and Ring R.sup.4C represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hetero ring and R.sup.C represents a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom, a tin atom or a lead atom.

A method for producing a conductive polymer-containing dispersion, the method including a polymerization step of subjecting a monomer that is to be a constitutional unit of a conjugated conductive polymer to a polymerization reaction in a mixed solution containing the monomer, a polyanion, and a dispersion medium to produce a polymerized product; and a dispersion treatment step of performing a dispersion treatment on a reaction solution obtained in the polymerization step to prepare a dispersion of the polymerized product, wherein a dispersion medium is added one or more times at any point in time from after the polymerization step to during the dispersion treatment step to make a mass concentration (B) of the polymerized product in the dispersion after the dispersion treatment step lower than a mass concentration (A) of the polymerized product in the reaction solution.

A light emitting device having excellent luminance life contains an anode, a cathode, and two organic layers disposed between them. The first organic layer contains a compound represented by formula (C-1) and the second organic layer is Layer A or B. Layer A contains a polymer compound containing a constitutional unit having a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms and a cross-linked body of the polymer compound from a phosphorescent compound represented by formula (1), and Layer B contains a phosphorescent compound represented by formula (1) and a cross-linked body of a crosslinking material.

##STR00001##

Ring R.sup.1C to Ring R.sup.4C represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, R.sup.C represents a carbon atom, M represents an iridium atom, n.sup.1 and n.sup.2 represent integers, E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 represent a carbon atom, Ring L.sup.1 represents an aromatic hetero ring, Ring L.sup.2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and A.sup.1-G.sup.1-A.sup.2 represents an anionic bidentate ligand.

An ion conducting and electron conducting polymer is comprised of a first polymer of a single-sulfonic acid polymer or a multi-sulfonic acid polymer and a second polymer of an EDOT analog monomer having the following formula: ##STR00001##
wherein z=O or S; ##STR00002##
Y.sub.2=COH, C.sub.6H.sub.13, or COOH; a=0 or 1; Y.sub.3=CH.sub.3, C.sub.2H.sub.5, CH.sub.2C.sub.6H.sub.6, C.sub.6H.sub.13, C.sub.8H.sub.17, CH.sub.2OC.sub.6H.sub.13, or CH.sub.2OC.sub.6H.sub.6; and b=0 or 1; wherein a sulfonic acid group of each branch of the first polymer electronically interacts with one or more thiophene rings of the second polymer; and wherein any remaining sulfonic acid groups on each branch of the first polymer are converted to SO.sub.3Li.

An ion conducting and electron conducting polymer is comprised of a first polymer of a single-sulfonic acid polymer or a multi-sulfonic acid polymer and a second polymer of an EDOT analog monomer having the following formula:

##STR00001##

wherein z=O or S;

##STR00002##

Y.sub.2=COH, C.sub.6H.sub.13, or COOH; a=0 or 1; Y.sub.3=CH.sub.3, C.sub.2H.sub.5, CH.sub.2C.sub.6H.sub.6, C.sub.6H.sub.13, C.sub.8H.sub.17, CH.sub.2OC.sub.6H.sub.13, or CH.sub.2OC.sub.6H.sub.6; and b=0 or 1; wherein a sulfonic acid group of each branch of the first polymer electronically interacts with one or more thiophene rings of the second polymer; and wherein any remaining sulfonic acid groups on each branch of the first polymer are converted to SO.sub.3Li.