A method for producing bifunctional furan epoxy (BFFE) according to various embodiments of the present disclosure uses a bio-based monofunctional furan raw material to produce BFFE, and may include synthesizing BFFE raw material by reacting furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, and an acid-base mixture catalyst, and polymerizing BFFE by adding epichlorohydrin (ECH), a base catalyst, and a solvent to the BFFE raw material.

Disclosed is a low-temperature curable composition comprising: (A) at least one curable component selected from an epoxy resin and a blocked isocyanate, and (B) an amine-based latent curing agent, wherein a temperature peak of a reaction of the amine-based latent curing agent (B) with a bisphenol A type epoxy resin is between 70° C. and 110° C.

The present disclosure provides diglycidyl ethers and esters of 2,4-furandimethanol (2,4-FDME) and of 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid (2,4-FDCA), methods of making diglycidyl ethers and esters of 2,4-FDME and 2,4-FDCA, epoxy resins derived from diglycidyl ethers and esters of 2,4-FDME and 2,4-FDCA, and methods of making epoxy resins derived from diglycidyl ethers and esters of 2,4-FDME and 2,4-FDCA.

The present disclosure provides a curing agent comprising a polyetheramine, a tertiary amine substantially free of an aromatic tertiary amine and glycerin. The curing agent may be combined with an epoxy resin to form a curable composition which is capable of being applied to a substrate and cured to form a cured article.

Provided are a curable composition which is rapidly curable and which gives cured products with good heat resistance, a cured product thereof, a fiber-reinforced composite material, a fiber-reinforced resin-molded article, and a method for manufacturing the fiber-reinforced resin-molded article. Provided are a curable composition containing an epoxy resin (A), an aliphatic and/or alicyclic amine compound (B), and an imidazole compound (C), wherein the ratio H/E of the number of moles H of active hydrogen in the aliphatic and/or alicyclic amine compound (B) to the number of moles E of an epoxy group in the epoxy resin (A) is in the range of 0.2 to 0.9; a cured product thereof; a fiber-reinforced composite material; a fiber-reinforced resin-molded article; and a method for manufacturing the fiber-reinforced resin-molded article.

The present disclosure provides a curing agent comprising a polyetheramine, a tertiary amine and an alkanolamine. The curing agent may be combined with an epoxy resin to form a curable composition which is capable of being applied to a substrate and cured to form a cured article.

An epoxy-functionalized polyorganosiloxane toughener providing toughening properties for thermosetting resins is described. The epoxy-functionalized polyorganosiloxane toughener is an epoxy-functionalized siloxane polyether with a siloxane backbone, at least one epoxy-containing alkyl chain, and at least one alkoxyl polyether chain, each said at least one epoxy-containing alkyl chain and at least one alkoxyl polyether chain grafted to the siloxane backbone. Also disclosed is a thermosetting resin-based composition comprising the epoxy-functionalized polyorganosiloxane toughener of claim 1 and at least one of an epoxy resin, a hardener, and an accelerator.

A curing composition is useful for a multi-component epoxy resin compound and includes at least one first polyamine, at least one second polyamine, and at least one polyphenol from the group of bisphenols and novolac resins as an accelerator. Upon contact with atmospheric oxygen, the curing composition discolors within a few days and therefore leakages can be visually identified.

Epoxy curing agents are disclosed having an epoxy curing agent comprising at least one room temperature ionic liquid salt, the room temperature ionic liquid salt being a reaction product of (a) at least one polyalkylene polyamine compound represented by formula (I):

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wherein x, y, and z are integers of 2 and 3, m and n and integers of 1-3; and (b) an organic acid having pKa (the negative of the logarithm of the acid dissociation constant) less than 6. The liquid salt is a stable liquid at a temperature greater than 15° C. Curable epoxy-based compositions including the curing agent and articles formed by the curable epoxy-based compositions are also disclosed.

Provided are an adhesive for an endoscope, a cured product thereof, an endoscope produced using the adhesive for an endoscope, and a method for producing the endoscope. The adhesive for an endoscope is a two-component adhesive for an endoscope. The two-component adhesive has a base and a curing agent. The base includes at least one epoxy resin (A) selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, and phenol novolac epoxy resins. The curing agent includes at least one specific polyamine compound (B). The adhesive for an endoscope is used to fix at least one of a metal member or a glass member constituting the endoscope.