The invention provides separation media of substantially monodisperse populations of substantially spherical particles of polyarylketone polymers or of thio-analogues of such polymers, of selected sizes, and further provides containers, such as chromatographic columns and cartridges, containing substantially monodisperse populations of such particles.

To provide a highly heat resistant flame retardant. A polymer having repeating units represented by the following formula (1), which has a weight average molecular weight as calculated as standard polystyrene of at least 6,000: ##STR00001##
wherein R is a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group, —S— or —SO.sub.2—.

A crystalline polyethernitrile with a difference between a melting point and a crystallization temperature at a time of temperature-fall being 40° C. or more and 100° C. or less, the crystalline polyethernitrile includes N repeating units represented by Formula (I) and M repeating units represented by Formula (II), N and M being integers satisfying 0.90<[N/(N+M)]<1.00:

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in Formulas (I) and (II), Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 have one framework selected from units represented by Formula (a) to Formula (f), with a proviso that Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are not the same,

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A method of making polyetherimide comprising reacting a first diamine having four bonds between the amine groups, a second diamine having greater than or equal to five bonds between the amine groups, 4-halophthalic anhydride and 3-halophthalic in the presence of a solvent and a polymer additive to produce a mixture comprising 3,3′-bis(halophthalimide)s, 3,4′-bis(halophthalimide)s, 4,4′-bis(halophthalimide)s, solvent and the polymer additive wherein the molar ratio of 3-halophthalic anhydride to 4-halophthalic anhydride is 98:02 to 50:50 and the molar ratio of the first diamine to the second diamine is 98:02 to 02:98; and reacting the mixture with an alkali metal salt of a dihydroxy aromatic compound to produce a polyetherimide having a cyclics content less than or equal to 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polyetherimide, wherein the polymer additive dissolves in the solvent at the imidization reaction temperature and pressure.

A proton-conducting polymer comprises a plurality of repeating units of formula (I) for electrochemical reactions. The polymer may be synthesized from a super acid catalyzed polyhydroxyalkylation reaction of monomers Ar.sub.1′, Ar.sub.2′, and X.sub.1′ followed by a nucleophilic substitution reaction or a grafting reaction, and optionally an acidification reaction.

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Proton-exchange membranes and membrane electrode assemblies made from the polymer are also described.

A polymer including a hydrophilic block and a hydrophobic block, wherein the hydrophilic block includes a unit derived from a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, and the hydrophobic block includes a unit derived from a fluorine-containing compound, a polymer separator including the same, and a membrane electrode assembly, a fuel cell and a redox flow battery including the same.

A novel polymer having high glass transition temperature and an excellent balance between heat resistance, high refractive index and mechanical properties, and a composition and molded article containing the polymer are provided. The polymer according to the invention has a first structural unit represented by at least one of formulae (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) below and a second structural unit having either a secondary amino structure or a tertiary amino structure at two or more terminals. ##STR00001##

We report a new class of single-ion electrolyte including pendant lithium perfluoroethyl sulfonates. Embodiments may be based on, for example, aromatic poly(arylene ether)s, polyphenylenes, or polyarylene sulfides. The microporous polymer film saturated with organic carbonates exhibits a nearly unity t.sub.Li+, state-of-the-art conductivities (e.g. >10.sup.−3 S cm.sup.−1 at room temperature) over a wide range of temperatures, high electrochemical stability, and outstanding mechanical properties, which enables the membrane to function as both ion conducting medium and separator in the batteries.

A method for producing a semiconductor device, which includes forming an underlayer film on a semiconductor substrate with a resist underlayer film forming composition that contains a solvent, and a polymer containing a unit structure of Formula (2):
O—Ar.sub.2—O—Ar.sub.3-T-Ar.sub.4  Formula (2)
where Ar.sub.2, Ar.sub.3, and Ar.sub.4 are individually a C.sub.6-50 arylene group or an organic group containing a heterocyclic group; at least one of Ar.sub.3 and Ar.sub.4 is a phenylene group; and T is a carbonyl group. The resist underlayer film forming composition has a solid content of 0.1 to 70 mass % of a total mass of the composition.

A method for producing a polycarbonate copolymer which has siloxane constituent units represented by any of formulae (1-1)′ to (1-4)′ and prescribed polycarbonate constituent units, the method having a polymerization step for polymerizing a silane-based compound selected from among a prescribed diaryloxysilane compound, a prescribed dialkoxysilane compound and a prescribed silicon compound, a carbonate compound and a diol compound such as an aromatic diol compound or an alicyclic diol compound in the presence of a transesterification catalyst. The polymerization step is carried out in a molten state under reduced pressure while removing alcohols derived from the carbonate compound.

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