The present invention relates to iridium complexes suitable for use in organic electroluminescent devices, especially as emitters.

A light emitting element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode is provided. The emission layer includes an organometallic compound represented by a specific chemical structure. Accordingly, the light emitting element exhibits a high color purity, a low driving voltage, a long service life, and a high efficiency.

Provided are iridium complexes having a ligand L.sub.A of Formula I

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Also provided are formulations comprising these iridium complexes. Further provided are OLEDs and related consumer products that utilize these iridium complexes.

Tridentate platinum, palladium, and gold complexes of Formulas A-I and A-II and tridentate iridium and rhodium compounds of Formulas B-I, B-II, and B-III suitable for delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent or phosphorescent emitters in display and lighting applications.

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According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a compound having a metal planar tetradentate coordination configuration is disclosed. In the compounds, the metal M is Pt or Pd; the four coordinating atoms are Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, and Z.sup.4 and are each selected from N, C, and O. The compound includes a substituent R, and atoms M, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, and Z.sup.4 are used to define a first plane that passes through the metal M and is positioned to have a minimum sum of shortest distances with Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, and Z.sup.4. At least one non-hydrogen atom in R falls within a distal circle of a cylinder extending perpendicular to the first plane, where the distal circle of the cylinder is a height h from the base circle and the height h ranges from 3.3 Å to 4.8 Å.

Disclosed is an organometallic compound represented by a following Chemical Formula I, wherein the compound is a metal complex including a central coordination metal and a main ligand binding thereto, wherein the main ligand has a structure in which a fused ring is further introduced into 2-phenylquinoline. When the organometallic compound is used as dopant of a light-emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device, rigidity is imparted to the organometallic compound molecule such that a full width at half maximum (FWHM) is narrow and thus color purity is improved. Further, a non-luminescent recombination process is reduced such that luminous efficiency and lifespan of the organic electroluminescent device are improved. Chemical Formula I is shown below:

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Provided is a compound including a first ligand L.sub.A of Formula I,

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In Formula I, moiety A is a monocyclic ring or a multicyclic fused ring system; one of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 is C and is connected to X.sup.4; one of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 is N and is coordinated to a metal M; and the remaining one of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 is CR or N; X.sup.4 is C or N; Y is a divalent linking group; each R, R′, R.sup.A, and R.sup.B is independently hydrogen or a General Substituent; each of K.sup.1 and K.sup.2 is independently direct bond, O, or S; and metal M is selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au. Formulations, OLEDs, and consumer products including the same are also provided.

A data storage system and method are provided for storing data in non-volatile memory devices. Binary data is received for storage in a non-volatile memory device. The binary data is converted into non-binary data comprising base-X values, where X is an integer greater than two. The non-binary data is encoded to generate a codeword and the codeword is written to a wordline of the non-volatile memory device.

The present invention relates to a metal complex having a structure of chemical formula (I). The metal complex is applied to an organic light-emitting device which emits deep red or near-infrared light, and shows a lower driving voltage and higher luminous efficiency, and has greatly prolonged service life. Therefore, the metal complex has the potential of being applied in the field of organic light-emitting devices. Also provided is an organic light-emitting device, including a cathode, an anode, and an organic layer. The organic layer is one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer; and at least one layer in the organic layer contains the compound of structural formula (I).

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A composition, including a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 2:

Ir(L.sub.11).sub.n11(L.sub.12).sub.n12(L.sub.13).sub.n13  Formula 1

Ir(L.sub.21).sub.n21(L.sub.22).sub.n22(L.sub.23).sub.n23  Formula 2

wherein L.sub.11, L.sub.12, L.sub.13, L.sub.21, L.sub.22, and L.sub.23 are each i) a bidentate ligand bonded to Ir of Formula 1 or 2 via two nitrogen atoms, ii) a bidentate ligand bonded to Ir of Formula 1 or 2 via a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom, or iii) a bidentate ligand bonded to Ir of Formula 1 or 2 via two carbon atoms, L.sub.11, L.sub.12, and L.sub.13 are different from one another; n11, n12, n21, and n22 are each independently 1 or 2; n13 and n23 are each independently 0 or 1; a sum of n11, n12, and n13 is 3; a sum of n21, n22, and n23 is 3; and L.sub.11 and L.sub.21 are different from each other.