A compound including a first ligand L.sub.A of Formula I,

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is described. In Formula I, each of X.sup.1 to X.sup.9 is independently C or N; one of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is C and the other is N; each of K.sup.1 and K.sup.2 is independently a direct bond, O, or S; at least one of K.sup.1 and K.sup.2 is a direct bond; at least one R.sup.B is not hydrogen; R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl; L.sub.A is coordinated to a metal M; at least one of the following is true: (i) at least one R.sup.B comprises a 5- or 6-membered, (ii) two adjacent R.sup.B are joined to form a fused 5- or 6-membered ring, or (iii) R.sup.B comprises a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group. Devices, consumer products, and formulations including the compound are also described.

An organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency and lifespan includes: a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer, the emission layer includes a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound, the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound are different from each other, the third compound includes a metal element having an atomic number of 40 or more, the fourth compound includes boron (B), the third compound and the fourth compound each satisfy Conditions 1-1 and 1-2 below, and the fourth compound satisfies Condition 2 or 3:
T.sub.1(C3).sub.onset≥S.sub.1(C4).sub.onset  Condition 1-1
T.sub.1(C3).sub.max≥S.sub.1(C4).sub.max  Condition 1-2
K.sub.RISC(C4)≥10.sup.3S.sup.−1  Condition 2
f(C4)≥0.1.  Condition 3

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for determining the renal glomerular filtration rate or assessing the renal function in a patient in need thereof. The method includes administering a pyrazine compound of Formula I to a patient and monitoring the rate in which the kidneys of the patient eliminate the pyrazine from the systemic circulation of the patient. The pyrazine compound fluoresces when exposed to electromagnetic radiation which is detected using one or more sensors. The rate in which the fluorescence decreases in the patient is used to calculate the renal glomerular filtration rate in the patient.

An organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency and lifespan includes: a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer, the emission layer includes a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound, the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound are different from each other, the third compound includes a metal element having an atomic number of 40 or more, the fourth compound includes boron (B), the third compound and the fourth compound each satisfy Conditions 1-1 and 1-2 below, and the fourth compound satisfies Condition 2 or 3:

T.sub.1(C3).sub.onset≥S.sub.1(C4).sub.onset  Condition 1-1

T.sub.1(C3).sub.max≥S.sub.1(C4).sub.max  Condition 1-2

K.sub.RISC(C4)≥10.sup.3 S.sup.−1  Condition 2

f(C4)≥0.1.  Condition 3

A method for determining a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a patient includes administering to said patient a compound of Formula I and transdermally measuring spectral energy emitted by the compound of Formula I over a measurement time window. The spectral energy is emitted by the compound of Formula I in response to electromagnetic radiation delivered to the compound of Formula I. The method also includes determining the GFR in said patient based on the measured spectral energy emitted by the compound of Formula I over the measurement time window by fitting an exponential function to the spectral energy as a function of time or a linear function to the log of the spectral energy as a function of time to calculate a rate constant associated with renal clearance over the measurement time window and directly related to the GFR normalized to a body size metric of the patient.

The present invention relates to a novel indole-based compound having excellent hole injection and transport capabilities, light-emitting capabilities, and the like, and an organic electroluminescence device which includes the indole-based compound in one or more organic material layers thereof so as to improve characteristics such as light-emitting efficiency, driving voltage, and lifespan.

Arrangements for phosphorescent blue emissive materials, layers, and devices are provided. The arrangements include a host having first a triplet energy level of at least 2.8 eV and an absolute difference of not more than 0.3 eV between the first singlet and triplet energy levels, and an emitter that includes an emissive transition metal complex and a first triplet energy level of at least 2.7 eV.

The present invention relates to metal complexes and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these metal complexes.

An organic electroluminescence device includes an anode, a cathode, a first organic layer interposed between the anode and the cathode, a second organic layer interposed between the first organic layer and the cathode, and a bipolar layer interposed between the first organic layer and the second organic layer and having bipolar characteristics, in which at least one of the first organic layer and the second organic layer includes the first compound and the second compound, the first compound exhibits delayed fluorescence, and an energy gap T.sub.77K(M2) at 77[K] of the second compound is larger than an energy gap T.sub.77K(M1) at 77[K] of the first compound.

Described herein are molecules for use in organic light emitting diodes. Example molecules comprise at least one moiety A and at least one moiety D. Values and preferred values of the moieties A and D are described herein. The molecules comprise at least one atom selected from Si, Se, Ge, Sn, P, or As.