The present invention relates to nanoparticles and their use to form nanocomposite material, in particular bionanocomposite material, specifically wherein the nanoparticles are formed using plant virus attached to a scaffold of cellulosic material and/or cellulose derived materials, in particular wherein said cellulosic material further comprises plant cell components, for example hemicellulose, pectin, protein or combinations thereof.

The present invention relates to the fields of genetically modified Agrobacterium strains, vaccine adjuvants, and generally molecular biology and immunology. Provided herein are modified Agrobacterium strains that produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) having reduced toxicity or detoxified lipopolysaccharide, and methods of obtaining such strains for plant-based production of biologies. Also provided herein are uses of reduced or detoxified LPS as adjuvants suitable for clinical use.

The present invention relates to the fields of genetically modified Agrobacterium strains, vaccine adjuvants, and generally molecular biology and immunology. Provided herein are modified Agrobacterium strains that produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) having reduced toxicity or detoxified lipopolysaccharide, and methods of obtaining such strains for plant-based production of biologics. Also provided herein are uses of reduced or detoxified LPS as adjuvants suitable for clinical use.

A method of using a virus-like particle from a polyomavirus having a first nucleic acid as a cargo to detect a second nucleic acid. The method includes providing the virus-like particle from the polyomavirus having the first nucleic acid as the cargo, and detecting, via the virus-like particle from the polyomavirus, the second nucleic acid.

The present invention provides immunogens which can be used for vaccines against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). The protein targeted is NTHi PDE1 and is highly conserved making it a vital component necessary for bacterial pathogenesis. The protein preferably includes the C terminal fragment after cleavage between Asn269 and Gly270, when compared to the wild-type PDE1 amino acid sequence. Nucleic acid sequences, amino acid sequences, immunogenic compositions, treatments and methods of diagnosis are disclosed.

The present invention relates to nanoparticles and their use to form nanocomposite material, in particular bionanocomposite material, specifically wherein the nanoparticles are formed using plant virus attached to a scaffold of cellulosic material and/or cellulose derived materials, in particular wherein said cellulosic material further comprises plant cell components, for example hemicellulose, pectin, protein or combinations thereof.

Provided herein are methods for administering a hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) to subjects with chronic hepatitis B to distinguish between responder subjects who respond to the HBsAg administration with an increase in an HBV antibody levels and non-responder subjects, and treating chronic hepatitis B in the responder subjects with an HBV therapy. Methods of excluding non-responder subjects from a clinical study are also provided.

Disclosed herein is a novel tool to associate protein cargo molecules to the inside and/or outside of a Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) virus-like particle (VLP). The novel tool being composed of a sulfamoylbenzamide (SBA) antiviral, linker, and protein.