Disclosed are vaccines capable of achieving protection against RSV while avoiding vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). In particular, vaccine constructs have been molecularly designed and genetically engineered to comprise RSV fusion (F) protein displayed on the surface of a particle, such as a virus-like particles (VLP) and low temperature-prepared split RSV. In some embodiments, the RSV F protein is in a pre-fusion F conformation. Also disclosed a variants and combinations of split RSV and RSV F DNA vaccine with pre-fusion F and enhanced efficacy. In addition, disclosed split RSV vaccines containing pre-fusion F conformation and combination adjuvants MPL and CpG.

A method for synthesizing influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) within a plant or a portion of a plant is provided. The method involves expression of influenza HA in plants and the purification by size exclusion chromatography. The invention is also directed towards a VLP comprising influenza HA protein and plant lipids. The invention is also directed to a nucleic acid encoding influenza HA as well as vectors. The VLPs may be used to formulate influenza vaccines, or may be used to enrich existing vaccines.

Provided, herein, in certain embodiments are virus-like particles such as synthetic enveloped VLPs or synthetic membrane VLPs. In some embodiments, the VLPs comprise a lipid bilayer. In some embodiments, the VLPs comprise a purified antigen anchored to the lipid bilayer. Some embodiments relate to vaccines comprising the VLP, methods of using the vaccine, and methods of making the vaccine or VLP.

The present invention relates to a virus-like particle for preventing or treating toxoplasmosis, comprising influenza virus matrix protein 1; and surface antigen proteins comprising an inner membrane complex, Rhoptry protein 18 and Microneme protein 8 derived from Toxoplasma gondii, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

The present invention provides a SARS-CoV-2 chimeric VLP vaccine composition and an expressing vector and use thereof. The chimeric SARS-CoV-2 VLP comprises a VLP skeleton formed by the M1 protein and the M2 protein of influenza virus, and the chimeric spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, expressed on the surface of the VLP skeleton, the transmembrane domain of which is replaced by the transmembrane domain of a HA of influenza virus. The present invention also provides a recombinant vector expressing the chimeric SARS-CoV-2 VLP, and the use of the chimeric SARS-CoV-2 VLP for eliciting an immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Provided is a seasonal influenza vaccine having a higher efficacy than a split vaccine. A seasonal influenza vaccine which induces virus-specific antibodies in the nasal mucosa, comprises inactivated whole influenza virus particles as an active ingredient, and is to be administered intradermally at dose per administration of 15 μg HA or more per strain as antigen.

A suprastructure comprising a modified influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is provided. The modified HA may comprise one or more than one alteration that reduces non-cognate binding of the modified HA to sialic acid (SA) on the surface of a cell, while maintaining cognate interaction with the cell, such as a B cell. A composition comprising the suprastructure and modified HA and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is also described. A method of increasing an immunological response or inducing immunity in response to a vaccine comprising the suprastructure and modified HA is also provided.

Disclosed is a Toxoplasma gondii cyst wall protein cst1 (CST1)-containing influenza virus-like particle, which includes a core consisting of an influenza virus matrix protein 1 (M1); and the CST1 protein of Toxoplasma gondii displayed on a surface thereof; and a vaccine using the same.

Disclosed are influenza virus-like particles (VLPs), wherein the VLPs include hemagglutinin (HA) protein and neuraminidase (NA) protein on the surface of the VLPs, a nucleoprotein (NP) ribonucleoprotein complex, and wherein the VLPs do not contain a ribonucleoprotein complex of at least one of PB1, PB2, and NS.

The present invention provides co-administration (for example, immunogenic cocktail compositions and/or prime-boost regimens) of computationally optimized H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) polypeptides. Co-administration of the optimized H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) polypeptides facilitates synergistic neutralization of viral infection and provides for improved protective immunity (e.g., a broad reactive immune response) to diverse and multiple H1N1 influenza virus strains, including both seasonal and pandemic strains.