An ultraviolet (UV) absorbance assay for measuring the concentration of large RNA molecules such as mRNA in suspensions comprising RNA-lipid nanoparticles (RNA-LNPs) is described.

An ultraviolet (UV) absorbance assay for measuring the concentration of large RNA molecules such as mRNA in suspensions comprising RNA-lipid nanoparticles (RNA-LNPs) is described.

Described herein is a coated building panel comprising: a substrate comprising a first major surface opposite a second major surface; a coating atop at least one of the first major surface or the second major surface, the coating comprising: a binder composition; an antimicrobial composition comprising a cationic compound; a stabilization composition comprising: a silicate compound; and a surfactant having an HLB value between about 10 and about 14.

Described herein is a coated building panel comprising: a substrate comprising a first major surface opposite a second major surface; a coating atop at least one of the first major surface or the second major surface, the coating comprising: a binder composition; an antimicrobial composition comprising a cationic compound; a stabilization composition comprising: a silicate compound; and a surfactant having an HLB value between about 10 and about 14.

Disclosed herein is a multiplexed design with three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing and confinement of light, demonstration of reproducible and robust single-molecule optical fingerprints using two complementary vibrational spectroscopy techniques (infrared and Raman spectroscopy), identification of respective vibrational modes which uniquely fingerprint the biomolecular species, and facile differentiation of respective fingerprints in DNA mixtures, as well as epigenetic modifications. While the nanometer scale mode volumes still prevent single letter identification of DNA sequence, we show an alternative method for identifying A, T, G, C DNA nucleotides in “k-mers” using sequences of these blocks as a unique and high-throughput alternative to single letter sequences (similar to binary and hexadecimal systems). Furthermore, additivity shown in single-molecule DNA mixtures and robust optical signatures can also be used in a raster-type step scan to identify single letter sequences. These results can pave the way for the development of a novel, high-throughput block optical sequencing (BOS) method.

Disclosed herein is a multiplexed design with three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing and confinement of light, demonstration of reproducible and robust single-molecule optical fingerprints using two complementary vibrational spectroscopy techniques (infrared and Raman spectroscopy), identification of respective vibrational modes which uniquely fingerprint the biomolecular species, and facile differentiation of respective fingerprints in DNA mixtures, as well as epigenetic modifications. While the nanometer scale mode volumes still prevent single letter identification of DNA sequence, we show an alternative method for identifying A, T, G, C DNA nucleotides in “k-mers” using sequences of these blocks as a unique and high-throughput alternative to single letter sequences (similar to binary and hexadecimal systems). Furthermore, additivity shown in single-molecule DNA mixtures and robust optical signatures can also be used in a raster-type step scan to identify single letter sequences. These results can pave the way for the development of a novel, high-throughput block optical sequencing (BOS) method.

Nucleic acid sequencing methods and systems, the systems including nanochannel chip including: a nanochannel formed in an upper surface of the nanochannel chip and; a roof covering the nanochannel and comprising nanopores and a field enhancement structure; and a barrier disposed in the nanochannel. The method including: introducing a buffer solution including long-chain nucleic acids to the nanochannel chip; applying a voltage potential across the nanochannel chip to drive the nucleic acids through the nanochannel, towards the barrier, and to translocate the nucleic acids through nanopores adjacent to the barrier, such that bases of each of the nucleic acids pass through the field enhancement structure one base at a time and emerge onto an upper surface of the roof; detecting the Raman spectra of the bases of the nucleic acids as each base passes through the electromagnetic-field enhancement structure; and sequencing the nucleic acids based on the detected Raman spectra.

Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

The invention relates to an aggregate comprising metallic nanoparticles and nucleic acid molecules wherein each metallic nanoparticle is coated with a polycation. The invention also relates to a method for obtaining the aggregate of the invention and to the use of said aggregate in methods for detecting the presence of a nucleic acid in a sample, in methods for detecting the presence of a given nucleotide at a predetermined position in a target nucleic acid, in methods for detecting the presence of a modified nucleotide at a predetermined position in a target nucleic acid, methods for detecting the presence of a conjugate between a double stranded nucleic acid and a chemical in a sample comprising double stranded nucleic acid molecules, in methods for determining the content of modified nucleotides in a target nucleic acid and in a method for determining the content of modified nucleotides in a target nucleic acid.