The present invention provides a Saccharomyces uvarum strain capable of low production of higher alcohols and strong degradation of malic acid. After the wine using Saccharomyces uvarum recombinant strain of the present invention is fermented for 5 days, with other fermentation properties unaffected, the content of isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol in the wine is 28.18 mg/L, 171.76 mg/L and 13.60 mg/L respectively, which is reduced by 20.28%, 14.77% and 11.26% compared with the starting strain, the total content of main higher alcohols (n-propanol, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol) is reduced by 12.97%, and the content of malic acid is reduced to 1.13 g/L after fermentation, which greatly shortens the fermentation period, overcomes the influence of lactic acid bacteria fermentation in the ordinary fermentation process and unpleasant flavor caused by higher content of higher alcohols.

A method for preparing a bovine myoglobin includes: constructing a first plasmid containing genes for heme biosynthesis pathway enzymes; constructing a second plasmid containing a gene for Bos taurus myoglobin MYG; constructing a first Escherichia coli production host containing the first plasmid and the second plasmid; and producing the bovine myoglobin by culturing the first Escherichia coli production host. A composition useful as a meat flavor and/or an iron supplement includes the bovine myoglobin prepared in accordance with the method.

A method for preparing a soy leghemoglobin includes: constructing a first plasmid containing genes for heme biosynthesis pathway enzymes; constructing a second plasmid containing gene for Glycine max leghemoglobin LGB2; constructing a first Escherichia coli production host containing the first plasmid and the second plasmid; and producing the soy leghemoglobin by culturing the first Escherichia coli production host. A composition useful as a meat flavor and/or an iron supplement includes the soy leghemoglobin prepared in accordance with the method.

The present application relates to methods to improve biomass or lipid production in a microorganism from one or more fatty acid and one or more simple carbon co-substrates. Produced lipids may include unsaturated C.sub.6-C.sub.24 fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates which may be useful as final products or precursors to insect pheromones, fragrances, flavors, and polymer intermediates. The application further relates to recombinant microorganisms modified for improved production of biomass or lipid, or improved lipid selectivity. Also provided are methods of producing one or more lipid using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or optionally one or more of the product lipid.

The present disclosure provides a method for genetically engineering Yarrowia lipolytica host cell for producing glycolic acid from organic wastes. A subject genetically engineered Y. lipolytica cell comprises the disrupted native genes encoding malate synthase, heterologous enzyme of glyoxylate reductase targeted in the different cellular compartments including mitochondria, peroxisome and cytosol, and a mutant NADP.sup.+-dependent malate dehydrogenase. The pathway with a theoretical yield as high as that 1 g of acetic acid can be converted to 1.27 g of glycolic acid without carbon loss was engineered for glycolic acid production. The methods particularly include process for production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) mainly comprised of acetic acid from organic waste, and then use of resultant VFAs for biosynthesis of glycolic acid by recombinant Y. lipolytica.

The present application relates to methods to improve biomass or lipid production in a microorganism from one or more fatty acid and one or more simple carbon co-substrates. Produced lipids may include unsaturated C.sub.6-C.sub.24 fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates which may be useful as final products or precursors to insect pheromones, fragrances, flavors, and polymer intermediates. The application further relates to recombinant microorganisms modified for improved production of biomass or lipid, or improved lipid selectivity. Also provided are methods of producing one or more lipid using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or optionally one or more of the product lipid.

The disclosure discloses construction and application of an engineered strain of E. coli for producing malic acid by fixing CO.sub.2, and belongs to the field of fermentation. The engineered strain is obtained by performing genetic engineering transformation on Escherichia coli MG1655; the genetic engineering transformation includes knocking out a fumarate reductase gene, a fumarase gene, a lactate dehydrogenase gene and an alcohol dehydrogenase gene and freely overexpressing a formate dehydrogenase, an acetyl coenzyme A synthetase, an acylated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, a formaldehyde lyase, a dihydroxyacetone kinase, a malic enzyme and a phosphite oxidoreductase to obtain a strain GH0407. The strain is used for producing malic acid by fermentation, anaerobic fermentation is performed for 72 hours with CO.sub.2 and glucose as a co-substrate, the production of malic acid reaches 39 g/L, the yield is 1.53 mol/mol, and accumulation of malic acid in the original strain is not achieved.

The present invention provides biochemical pathways, glyoxylate producing recombinant microorganisms, and methods for the production and yield improvement of glycolic acid and/or glycine via a reverse glyoxylate shunt. The reverse glyoxylate shunt comprises an enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to oxaloacetate (OAA), or an enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate (OAA) or an enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to malate or a combination of any of the previous reactions; an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of malate to malyl-CoA; an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of malyl-CoA to glyoxylate and acetyl-CoA; and optionally an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to malate. Glyoxylate is reduced to produce glycolate. Alternatively, glyoxylate is converted to glycine. The reverse glyoxylate shunt pathway of the present invention can be utilized synergistically with other glycolic acid and/or glycine producing pathways to increase product yield.

The present invention relates to novel gene sequences encoding insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Particularly, new chimeric genes encoding a CryIC, CryIB or CryID protein are provided which are useful to protect plants from insect damage. Also included herein are plant cells or plants comprising such genes and methods of making or using them, as well as plant cells or plants comprising one of such chimeric gene and at least one other such chimeric genes.

The present disclosure relates to various different types of variants in E. coli coding and noncoding regions leading to enhanced lysine production for, e.g., supplements and nutraceuticals.