Provided herein are recombinant nucleic acid molecules, nucleic acid constructs, fusion enzymes, transformed host cells, and methods for making aroma compounds alpha-ionone or beta-ionone.

Disclosed herein are methods of generating proteoglycans with distinct glycan structures in engineered, non-naturally occurring eukaryotic cells. These methods make accessible a dynamic range of protein glycosylation. Compositions of engineered, non-naturally occurring cells capable of generating these proteoglycans are also disclosed herein.

Compositions and methods for producing plants with enhanced oil content and higher seed yield are disclosed. The transgenic plant comprises a polynucleotide encoding a monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (MGAT1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter; a polynucleotide encoding a phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase 1 (PDCT1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter; a polynucleotide encoding a suppressor of expression of Sugar Dependent 1 (SPD1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter; a polynucleotide encoding a diacylglyerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter and a polynucleotide encoding a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter; or a combination thereof.

The present invention is directed to beneficially directing the bidirectional communication that exists between the brain and the gut so as to influence brain physiology, psychological responses and ultimately behavior in a positive manner by regulating an individual's mood, psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and depression and stress-related changes in brain function, by modifying the gut microbiome of an individual. An various embodiments, an individual's microbiome is modified in a manner to reduce the likelihood of stress, to reduce or treat symptoms affecting mental health and to promote the mental health of the individual. In certain embodiments, administration to an individual of at least three different bacteria species are combined to modify an individual's microbiome, selected from the group of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, L. casei and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, to reduce adverse psychological and/or physiological responses attendant to psychological stress. Other embodiments reduce certain bacterial populations, such as Veillonella and Megasphaer, while in other embodiments, bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide, methane and acetate are reduced to beneficially affect an individual's mental health.

Compositions and methods for producing plants with enhanced oil content and higher seed yield are disclosed. The transgenic plant comprises a polynucleotide encoding a monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (MGAT1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter; a polynucleotide encoding a phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase 1 (PDCT1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter; a polynucleotide encoding a suppressor of expression of Sugar Dependent 1 (SPD1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter; a polynucleotide encoding a diacylglyerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter and a polynucleotide encoding a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter; or a combination thereof.

Provided is an acid-tolerant yeast cell, a method of producing an organic acid by using the yeast cell, and a method of producing the yeast cell resistant to acid.

Provided is an acid-tolerant yeast cell, a method of producing an organic acid by using the yeast cell, and a method of producing the yeast cell resistant to acid.