A method for electromagnetic stirring of liquid metal in a continuous charge electric arc furnace, in which there are positioned a first electromagnetic field along a first axis of electromagnetic stirring and a second electromagnetic field along a second axis of electromagnetic stirring.

A system and a method for determining/predicting a tapping time for a metal melt in an electric arc furnace (EAF), at least one electrode is provided for melting the metal melt until it reach a target tapping temperature, the EAF further includes a slag and smoke layer on the surface of the metal melt, wherein an electromagnetic stirrer is provided for stirring the metal melt.

Apparatus and method are provided for life cycle wear monitoring of a consumable refractory in an electric induction furnace used for heating and melting materials by accumulating laser imaging data of the refractory's inner surface periodically over the refractory's life cycle while the furnace is utilized in a foundry environment and processing the accumulated imaging data for comparative analysis with previous laser imaging data of the refractory's inner surface.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a vessel for containing or conveying molten metal therein. At least part of the outer surface of the vessel incorporates a web of metal wires embedded in the surface, the wires being mutually overlaid with openings formed therebetween. The refractory material penetrates into the openings. The web may comprise woven metal wires or non-woven wires or both. The web imparts resistance to cracking (or containment of cracks, once formed) and/or resistance to molten metal leakage if cracks develop. The invention also provides metal containment structures containing such vessels, and methods of producing the same.

A metallurgical apparatus comprises a vessel for holding a body of liquid metal and a circulating apparatus for circulating the body of liquid metal within the vessel. The vessel has a peripheral wall and a base, and the circulating apparatus comprises a launder that provides an open-topped flow channel and a pumping device for pumping liquid metal through the launder. The launder has an inlet end connected to a first opening in the peripheral wall and an outlet end connected to a second opening in the peripheral wall. The pumping device is configured to pump liquid metal through the launder so that liquid metal flows out of the vessel through the first opening and into the vessel through the second opening, thereby causing the body of liquid metal within the vessel to circulate.

A system and a method for determining/predicting a tapping time for a metal melt in an electric arc furnace (EAF), at least one electrode is provided for melting the metal melt until it reach a target tapping temperature, the EAF further includes a slag and smoke layer on the surface of the metal melt, wherein an electromagnetic stirrer is provided for stirring the metal melt.

A method for electromagnetic stirring of liquid metal in a continuous charge electric arc furnace, in which there are positioned a first electromagnetic field along a first axis of electromagnetic stirring and a second electromagnetic field along a second axis of electromagnetic stirring.