To appropriately transmit far-infrared rays while ensuring design. A far-infrared ray transmission member (20) includes a base material (30) configured to transmit far-infrared rays, and a functional film (31) formed on the base material (30). Dispersion of reflectances with respect to pieces of light at a wavelength of 360 nm to 830 nm in increments of 1 nm is equal to or smaller than 30, a reflectance with respect to visible light defined by JIS R3106 is equal to or lower than 25%, and an average transmittance with respect to light at a wavelength of 8 μm to 12 μm is equal to or higher than 50%.

A bioactive coated substrate includes a base substrate, a first interlayer disposed over the base substrate, an outermost bioactive layer disposed on the first interlayer, and a topcoat layer disposed on the outermost bioactive layer. Characteristically, a plurality of microscopic openings extending through the topcoat layer and the outermost bioactive layer expose the first interlayer and the outermost bioactive layer. A method for forming the bioactive coated substrate is also provided.

An article comprising: (i) a body, the body comprising a material and a transmittance greater than or equal to 90% throughout an electromagnetic radiation wavelength range of 250 nm to 800 nm; and (ii) cupric oxide (CuO) in direct contact with the material of the body, the cupric oxide (CuO) comprising a thickness that is less than or equal to 1.3 nm. Also disclosed is the article further comprising: an ultra-thin metal film disposed directly on the cupric oxide (CuO). The article demonstrates a transmittance greater than or equal to 65% throughout an electromagnetic radiation wavelength range of 300 nm to 1400 nm. The ultra-thin metal film can be silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), or platinum (Pt). The ultra-thin metal film comprises a thickness within a range of 1 nm to 5 nm. The article at the ultra-thin metal film has a sheet resistance of less than or equal to 2100 Ω/□. Additionally, a method of forming the article.

A structure body includes a free-standing structure including a fibrous member and/or a shell. The fibrous member and/or a shell are each a layered body formed of at least one light-absorbing layer and at least one dielectric layer. The light-absorbing layer includes a light-absorbing material that has an absorption in a visible light region, and the dielectric layer includes a dielectric material. The fibrous member and/or the shell have a three-dimensionally continuous configuration.

The present application provides a fabric coloring method and a colored fabric, where the fabric coloring method includes: performing radiation drying on a base cloth; sequentially forming an adhesive layer and at least one color-generating layer on a surface of the base cloth after the radiation drying by vacuum deposition, where the adhesive layer contains at least one of Ti, Cr, Si and Ni, and a thickness of the adhesive layer ranges from 1 nm to 2000 nm; the color-generating layer contains at least one of Al, Ti, Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn, Ag, Au, and Mg, and the total thickness of the color-generating layer ranges from 1 nm to 4000 nm. The fabric coloring method can not only produce rich colors and make the colored fabric have good color fastness, but also reduce the sensitivity of color of the colored fabric to thickness of the film, thus improving the industrial operability.

An antimicrobial sheet may have a copper film formed on at least one side of a resin or polymer film. The copper film contains one or more copper oxides and a non-oxide copper. The content of the non-oxide copper in the copper film is less than the content of the copper that forms the copper oxide(s) and is 0.04 g/m.sup.2 or less.

An antimicrobial member includes a substrate, an underlayer deposited on the substrate, and a copper layer formed on a surface of the underlayer which is on a side opposite to the substrate and arranged as an outermost layer, in which the copper layer is formed of copper or a copper alloy, the underlayer is formed of a metal oxide, and the substrate is formed of a flexible resin material. It is preferable that no cracking is confirmed after carrying out a bending test 100 times under a condition where a radius of curvature is 6 mm.

Disclosed herein is a flexible conductive substrate. According to the present invention, the flexible conductive substrate comprises a fabric substrate, a first film formed of metal or metal oxide on the fabric substrate, a second film formed of ITO film including tin oxide on the first film, and a third film formed of ITO film including tin oxide on the second film. A content of tin oxide included in the second film is smaller than that of oxide included in the third film.

Provided is a cylindrical sputtering target material formed of copper or a copper alloy, in which an average value of the special grain boundary length ratios Lσ.sub.N/L.sub.N which are measured with respect to the outer peripheral surfaces of both end portions and the outer peripheral surface of the center portion in an axis O direction is set to be equal to or greater than 0.5, and each measured value is in a range of ±20% with respect to the average value of the special grain boundary length ratios Lσ.sub.N/L.sub.N, and the total amount of Si and C which are impurity elements is equal to or smaller than 10 mass ppm and the amount of O is equal to or smaller than 50 mass ppm.

The invention relates to an object having a coating arranged on at least one surface of the object, which comprises at least one antimicrobially active layer having an antimicrobial agent, wherein the agent comprises a copper (I) compound and/or a copper (II) compound.