Methods of making catalyst electrodes comprising sputtering at least Pt and Ir onto nanostructured whiskers to provide multiple alternating layers comprising, respectively in any order, at least Pt and Ir. In some exemplary embodiments, catalyst electrodes described, or made as described, herein are anode catalyst, and in other exemplary embodiments cathode catalyst. Catalysts electrodes are useful, for example, in generating H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 from water.

An article comprising a first gas distribution layer (100), a first gas dispersion layer (200), or a first electrode layer, having first and second opposed major surfaces and a first adhesive layer having first and second opposed major surfaces, wherein the second major surface (102) of the first gas distribution layer (100), the second major surface (202) of the first gas dispersion layer (200), or the first major surface of the first electrode layer, as applicable, has a central area, wherein the first major surface of the first adhesive layer contacts at least the central area of the second major surface of the first gas distribution layer, the second major surface of the first gas dispersion layer, or the first major surface of the first electrode layer, as applicable, and wherein the first adhesive layer comprises a porous network of first adhesive including a continuous pore network extending between the first and second major surfaces of the first adhesive layer. The articles described herein are useful, for example, in membrane electrode assemblies, unitized electrode assemblies, and electrochemical devices (e.g., fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and electrolyzers).

An ozone generator system utilizes an electrochemical cell to produce and control ozone concentrations within an enclosure or to supply ozone to a flow conduit. The enclosure may he coupled with a flow conduit that carries the produced ozone to a desired location. An enclosure may be a sterilization chamber and the concentration of ozone produced by the ozone generating system may be sufficient to sterilize articles within the enclosure. An oxygen control electrolyzer cell and/or humidity control electrolyzer cell may be coupled with the enclosure to further control the environment of the enclosure. A humidity control electrolyzer cell may be fluidly coupled with the ozone generator to supply humidity for reaction on the anode of the ozone generator.

An electrochemical compressor utilizes a working fluid having a proton associable component, such as ammonia. Water may be reacted on a anode to form protons that are transported through an ion conducting membrane to the cathode side of the electrochemical compressor. The proton associable component of the working fluid will be pulled through the ion conducting membrane along with the proton. The ion conducting membrane may include perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer, polystyrene sufonic acid ionomer and/or carboxymethyl cellulose.

A medical gas-liquid supply system including an electrolytic gas generator, a pure water supply device, a control unit, a first gas storing unit, a second gas storing unit and a gas output unit is provided. The control unit is electrically connected to the electrolytic gas generator for controlling the voltage value of the electrolytic gas generator and the type of gases generated by the electrolytic gas generator. The first and second gas storing units are communicated to the electrolytic gas generator for storing the first and second gases generated by the electrolytic gas generator respectively. The gas output unit is communicated to the first and second gas storing units and has first, second and third output ends for outputting the first gas, a mixed gas and the second gas respectively, in which the mixed gas includes the first and second gases.

An irrigation system is provided. The irrigation system includes a reservoir for storing irrigation water, an electrolytic gas generator, a detector, and a control unit. The electrolytic gas generator is in fluid communication with the reservoir to output a first gas and a second gas generated by the electrolytic gas generator to the irrigation water. The detector is arranged in the water reservoir to detect the concentrations of dissolved first gas and dissolved second gas of the irrigation water to obtain dissolved gas concentration information. The control unit electrically connects to the detector and the electrolytic gas generator receives the dissolved gas concentration information and adjusts the voltage applied to the electrolytic gas generator according to the dissolved gas concentration information to control the type of gas generated by the electrolytic gas generator and the concentrations of dissolved first and second gas of the irrigation water.

A bipolar plate for an electrolyzer, particularly a PEM electrolyzer, is formed with a central region and a peripheral region surrounding the central region. With a view to cost-effective production of the bipolar plate, the central region is made of metal sheet and the peripheral region is formed from a plastic frame. The plastic frame is made of at least one thermoplastic, particularly at least one high-temperature thermoplastic, and is injection-molded around the sheet metal.

The present specification relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane, an electrochemical battery including the polymer electrolyte membrane, an electrochemical battery module including the electrochemical battery, a flow battery including the polymer electrolyte membrane, a method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte membrane, and an electrolyte solution for a flow battery.

A differential pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes high-pressure water electrolysis cells and a pressing mechanism. The high-pressure water electrolysis cells are stacked in a stacking direction. Each of the high-pressure water electrolysis cells includes an electrolyte membrane, a member, an anode current collector, a cathode current collector, an anode separator, and a cathode separator. The electrolyte membrane has a first side and a second side opposite to the first side in the stacking direction. The member has a surface which has an opening and which is in contact with the electrolyte membrane. The anode current collector is disposed on the first side of the electrolyte membrane. The cathode current collector is disposed on the second side of the electrolyte membrane. The anode separator has an anode chamber in which the anode current collector is accommodated. The pressing mechanism is to press the high-pressure water electrolysis cells in the stacking direction.

An organic hydride production apparatus that enables the reduction reaction at the cathode of an organic compound having an unsaturated bond to proceed at high current efficiency and at a low electric power consumption rate, and a method for producing an organic hydride that uses this production apparatus. The production apparatus includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having proton conductivity, a cathode which is provided on one surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and generates a hydride by reducing a substance to be hydrogenated, a cathode chamber which houses the cathode and is supplied with the substance to be hydrogenated, an electrode catalyst-containing anode which is provided on the other surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and generates protons by oxidizing water, and an anode chamber which houses the anode and is supplied with an electrolytic solution, wherein the substance to be hydrogenated is supplied from the lower end of the cathode chamber, the production apparatus has a hydride outlet through which the product and the like is discharged from the upper end of the cathode chamber, and at least one partition with a width of not less than 0.1 mm is formed inside the cathode camber.