A laminated surface covering including a facing material made of vinyl and a backing material comprising a rubber component. The rubber component comprising at least a matrix of bonded rubber granules. A bonding material disposed between the facing material and the backing material. The facing material configured to melt at a temperature between 165° F. and 248° F. infiltrating the backing material thereby essentially encasing the rubber granules of the matrix and providing fire retardation and smoke suppression qualities.

The invention relates to method for producing an artificial turf, comprising the following steps: providing a carrier material having a top and a bottom, providing a plurality of fibres, wherein each fibre comprises two ends extending from the top of the carrier material and comprising a connected region arranged in a loop-like manner at the bottom of the carrier material; feeding the carrier material with the fibres to a heated rotating calender roller; guiding the carrier material with the fibres over at least one sub-region of the surface of the heated rotating calender roller, wherein the connected regions of the fibres and the bottom of the carrier material face the calender roller; during the guiding of the carrier material with the fibres over the at least one sub-region of the surface of the heated rotating calender roller: transferring heat from the heated rotating calender roller to the carrier material with the fibres, and fusing the connected regions of the fibres with the bottom of the carrier material to the artificial turf, and removing and cooling the artificial turf. The invention further relates to an artificial turf comprising: a carrier material having a top and a bottom; a plurality of fibres, wherein each fibre comprises two ends extending from the top of the carrier material and comprising a connected region arranged in a loop-like manner at the bottom of the carrier material, wherein the carrier material is fused at the bottom to the connected regions of the fibres.

A laminated surface covering including a facing material made of vinyl and a backing material comprising a rubber component. The rubber component comprising at least a matrix of bonded rubber granules. A bonding material disposed between the facing material and the backing material. The facing material configured to melt at a temperature between 165° F. and 248° F. infiltrating the backing material thereby essentially encasing the rubber granules of the matrix and providing fire retardation and smoke suppression qualities.

Floor coverings, such as modular panels or tiles, for installation on interior surfaces include an upper wear layer and a backing layer, where the backing layer includes a filler that includes concentrated carbon. The floor coverings can sequester carbon such that the resulting product has a negative carbon footprint when subjected to a Life Cycle Assessment.

A laminated surface covering including a facing material made of vinyl and a backing material comprising a rubber component. The rubber component comprising at least a matrix of bonded rubber granules. A bonding material disposed between the facing material and the backing material. The facing material configured to melt at a temperature between 165 F. and 248 F. infiltrating the backing material thereby essentially encasing the rubber granules of the matrix and providing fire retardation and smoke suppression qualities.

A process and system for making a laminated surface covering and the surface covering itself are described. The covering includes several layers bonded to each other. The system performs the process. One example of the process includes passing a first material across a first conveyor, passing a second material across a second conveyor, passing a bonding material across a third conveyor, contacting the first material and the second material to the bonding material, and heating at least one of the first material and the second material. The process also includes introducing the first material, the second material, and the bonding material into a pressure zone such that the bonding material is introduced between a bottom surface of the first material and a top surface of the second material. The process applies pressure to bond the first material and second material together via the bonding material to produce a laminated material.

Floor coverings, such as modular panels or tiles, for installation on interior surfaces include an upper wear layer and a backing layer, where the backing layer includes a filler that includes concentrated carbon. The floor coverings can sequester carbon such that the resulting product has a negative carbon footprint when subjected to a Life Cycle Assessment.

The invention comprises a method. The method comprises applying a composition to a tufted primary backing material, wherein the primary backing material has a first primary surface and a second primary surface, wherein tufts extend outwardly from the first primary surface and loop backs are formed on the second primary surface, and wherein the composition is applied to the loop backs and second primary surface of the tufted primary backing material. The composition comprises an aqueous polymer dispersion of colloidal thermosetting polymer particles or colloidal thermoplastic polymer particles and second thermoplastic polymer particles dispersed in the water, wherein the second thermoplastic polymer particles have an average particle size of approximately 200 micron to approximately 1,000 microns. The method further comprises heating the tufted primary backing material and aqueous polymer dispersion to remove water therefrom. A novel adhesive composition is also disclosed.

A laminated surface covering including a facing material made of vinyl and a backing material comprising a rubber component. The rubber component comprising at least a matrix of bonded rubber granules. A bonding material disposed between the facing material and the backing material. The facing material configured to melt at a temperature between 165? F. and 248? F. infiltrating the backing material thereby essentially encasing the rubber granules of the matrix and providing fire retardation and smoke suppression qualities.

A process and system for making a laminated surface covering and the surface covering itself are described. The covering includes several layers bonded to each other. The system performs the process. One example of the process includes passing a first material across a first conveyor, passing a second material across a second conveyor, passing a bonding material across a third conveyor, contacting the first material and the second material to the bonding material, and heating at least one of the first material and the second material. The process also includes introducing the first material, the second material, and the bonding material into a pressure zone such that the bonding material is introduced between a bottom surface of the first material and a top surface of the second material. The process applies pressure to bond the first material and second material together via the bonding material to produce a laminated material.