The structure for absorbing impact energy comprises a core having a first surface exposed to impacts, and reinforcements which are distributed inside the core and have frictional interfaces with the core material. The reinforcements comprise first reinforcements that are positioned in a first reinforced region adjacent to the first surface and have main directions of resistance forming an angle of less than 45° with the first surface.

A two-stage energy dissipation type shed tunnel support structure connected by a principle of Dougong and a design method thereof are provided. The two-stage energy dissipation type shed tunnel support structure includes a Dougong joint domain, crossbeams and columns. The Dougong joint domain includes section steel members, wavy-wall cylindrical elastoplastic buffers, U-shaped sliding connecting troughs and high-strength bolts. Multiple layers of the section steel members are orthogonally stacked to form a Dougong shape, the wavy-wall cylindrical elastoplastic buffers are arranged between adjacent layers of the section steel members, and the U-shaped sliding connecting troughs are arranged at upper and lower ends of the wavy-wall cylindrical elastoplastic buffers, which realizes a connection between the wavy-wall cylindrical elastoplastic buffers and a section steel in two orthogonal directions. Under an impact of small energy rockfalls, an elastic deformation of the Dougong joint domain is used to achieve a buffering.

A safety net, in particular for catching heavy loads, preferably dynamic impact bodies, in particular rocks, is formed at least to a large extent by mutually engaging net elements, and a maximum overall extension of the safety net parallel to a main extension direction of the safety net is substantially greater in an exterior region of the safety net, which in particular includes at least one outermost row of net elements, than a minimum overall extension of the safety net parallel to the main extension direction in an interior region of the safety net which differs from the exterior region.

An expandable modular energy-dissipation protection net unit group includes support columns each provided at each of two ends of each support column with a first horizontal longitudinal rotation reversing device on the left side, a second horizontal longitudinal rotation reversing device on the right side and a transverse rotation reversing device on the bottom; a transverse endless support rope, a longitudinal endless support rope and connectors. The transverse endless support rope is wound on the transverse rotation reversing device. The longitudinal endless support rope is wound on the first horizontal longitudinal rotation reversing device and the second horizontal longitudinal rotation reversing device adjacent. A metal net panel is tied by the plurality of connecting members and hung on the transverse endless support rope and the longitudinal endless support rope.

A calculation method of limit load, deformation and energy dissipating of a ring net panel of a flexible protection net, includes step (1): determining geometrical parameters of the ring net, connection type of steel rings, and diameter of steel wires; step (2): determining a loading rate, a loaded region and a boundary condition of the ring net panel; step (3): obtaining basic mechanical parameters of materials through tests, and establishing a critical damage criterion of the ring net panel; step (4): establishing an equivalent calculation model of a ring net panel based on a fiber-spring unit; and step (5): calculating a puncturing displacement, a puncturing load and energy dissipating of the ring net panel. The method adopts a calculation assumption of load path equivalence.

A longitudinal element produced with a core made of high-strength fibers and at least one metal casing, preferably steel, surrounding this core. In this way, there is the significant advantage that these high-strength fibers, which are very lightweight in relation to their strength, are protected in a number of ways, namely against humidity, moisture, UV light and other environmental influences. In addition, the metal casing provides the fibers with protection against transverse loads. In this way, all the high-strength properties of the traction or suspension means are maintained over a sustained period.

A steel wire netting (100, 200) is adapted to be used in erosion control, in geotechnical solutions, in rockfall protection or in aquaculture. The steel wire netting (100, 200) comprises steel wires (300). These steel wires (300) have a steel core (302). The steel core (302) is of a low-carbon or high-carbon nature. The steel wires (300) further have an intermediate metallic coating (306) of zinc or an zinc aluminium alloy or a zinc aluminium magnesium alloy on the steel core (302). The steel wires (300) further have a top coating of a polymer (310). This polymer (310) is a high density polyethylene.

A two-stage energy dissipation type shed tunnel support structure connected by a principle of Dougong and a design method thereof are provided. The two-stage energy dissipation type shed tunnel support structure includes a Dougong joint domain, crossbeams and columns. The Dougong joint domain includes section steel members, wavy-wall cylindrical elastoplastic buffers, U-shaped sliding connecting troughs and high-strength bolts. Multiple layers of the section steel members are orthogonally stacked to form a Dougong shape, the wavy-wall cylindrical elastoplastic buffers are arranged between adjacent layers of the section steel members, and the U-shaped sliding connecting troughs are arranged at upper and lower ends of the wavy-wall cylindrical elastoplastic buffers, which realizes a connection between the wavy-wall cylindrical elastoplastic buffers and a section steel in two orthogonal directions. Under an impact of small energy rockfalls, an elastic deformation of the Dougong joint domain is used to achieve a buffering.

A device (1) comprises: a cylindrical shell (4); a first spring (5) encased inside the cylindrical shell (4); a second spring (6) encased inside the cylindrical shell (4); a separator (13) in the cylindrical shell (4) separating the first and second springs (5, 6); a first end plate (12) on a first side (13a) of the separator (13) and a second end plate (11) on a second side (13b) of the separator (13); a first rod (2) and a second rod (3) passing openings (20a, 20b) provided at each end of the cylindrical shell (4), with the first rod (2) connected to the first end plate (12) and the second rod (3) connected to the second end plate (11); and a spacer (14) inserted between the first end plate (12) and the first spring (5).

A panel system for the containment of landslides caused by partial collapses and also by “rock breakdowns”, for use in the fortification of mining tunnels, hillsides and roads, together with anchor bolts and plates, comprising a network constituted by straps of metal or other material resistant to traction or with the capacity of tearing along the strap (1) (2) (3), with each node of this network firmly linked with a buckle (6) (7) (8) (16) and with a frame (20) attached to this network, where the frame comprises flat tendons (17) near the perimeter of the panel, linked to plates with lugs (D11) or with flat connectors (12) (13) (14) (15) which go beneath the normal plates.