Embodiments of a dry mix for producing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix includes aggregate, cement, and bed ash. The bed ash contains the combustion product of a fluidized bed coal combustion reaction. Additionally, embodiments of a method of preparing the dry mix and embodiments of a method of preparing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix is also suitable for repairing soil slips, and embodiments of a method of repairing a soil slip are also provided.

Embodiments of a dry mix for producing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix includes aggregate, cement, and bed ash. The bed ash contains the combustion product of a fluidized bed coal combustion reaction. Additionally, embodiments of a method of preparing the dry mix and embodiments of a method of preparing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix is also suitable for repairing soil slips, and embodiments of a method of repairing a soil slip are also provided.

The porous displacement piles comprising (a) closed-ended pipe piles with small holes and or narrow slots, filled with compacted sandy soil, (b) closed-ended porous pipe piles such as closed-ended pipe pile with very small holes and or very narrow slots, and (c) a precast prestressed porous concrete piles are driven through inside the already driven non-displacement hollow pipe piles in a grid pattern to create excess pore-water pressures generally ranging between 50 and 1500 kPa in cohesive soils, which begin dissipating through inside the porous displacement piles to rapidly consolidate and densify the said cohesive soil. The porous displacement piles are designed for permitting free flow of the pressurized pore-water and to prevent migration of particles of cohesive soil into the porous displacement pile using filter design criteria or verified by laboratory tests. These piles when driven in sandy soils densify sandy soils instantaneously.

Systems and methods to provide pressed aggregate-filled cavities for improving ground stiffness and uniformity are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes using a mechanism to press into a ground surface in a substantially downward direction to create a concavity. The method also includes substantially or completely filling the concavity with unstabilized or chemically stabilized aggregate, soil, or sand. Further, the method includes using the mechanism to press the aggregate within the concavity to achieve a desired ground stiffness.

Geopolymers are one type of aluminosilicate materials formed through the polymerization of silicate and aluminate tetrahedrons. Geopolymer is used as a non-calcium-based stabilizer to mix with sulfate-rich soils. The stabilized soils were exposed to deionized water for 7 days until the volume of soil samples reached constant. Volumetric expansion of the sulfate-rich soil samples stabilized with metakaolin based geopolymer was 7 times lower than those stabilized with lime while the mechanical strength of stabilized soil samples were significantly improved.

A process to use the tailings as construction material giving it waterproofing characteristics and reduce its cracking is presented. For example, to use the mining tailing as a construction material conceding to it impermeabilizing features, reducing its cracking and increasing its resistance. The main stages of said process are to apply a calcium-containing solution to the soil to be treated; apply a solution that that contains calcite-producing bacteria, to the soil to be treated; optionally, add maltodextrin; and stabilize, compact and dry off the mix.

The porous displacement piles comprising (a) closed-ended pipe piles with small holes and or narrow slots, filled with compacted sandy soil, (b) closed-ended porous pipe piles such as closed-ended pipe pile with very small holes and or very narrow slots, and (c) a precast prestressed porous concrete piles are driven through inside the already driven non-displacement hollow pipe piles in a grid pattern to create excess pore-water pressures generally ranging between 50 and 1500 kPa in cohesive soils, which begin dissipating through inside the porous displacement piles to rapidly consolidate and densify the said cohesive soil. The porous displacement piles are designed for permitting free flow of the pressurized pore-water and to prevent migration of particles of cohesive soil into the porous displacement pile using filter design criteria or verified by laboratory tests. These piles when driven in sandy soils densify sandy soils instantaneously.

Embodiments describe a method for moisturizing soil at an open construction site. The method includes determining a target soil moisture level for the soil at the open construction site; measuring a current soil moisture level of a location within the open construction site with a moisture sensor while the moisture control system is moving along a predetermined path across the site; storing the current soil moisture level of the location in memory; determining a target volume of water for achieving the target soil moisture level at the location based on the current soil moisture level at the location; calculating a target application rate to achieve the target soil moisture level at the location based on the target volume of water; and applying the target volume of water at the target application rate to the location when the system is positioned to dispense water at the location of the site.

Systems and methods to provide pressed aggregate-filled cavities for improving ground stiffness and uniformity are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes using a mechanism to press into a ground surface in a substantially downward direction to create a concavity. The method also includes substantially or completely filling the concavity with unstabilized or chemically stabilized aggregate, soil, or sand. Further, the method includes using the mechanism to press the aggregate within the concavity to achieve a desired ground stiffness.

Disclosed is a method for preventing sudden subsidence of an open caisson in a soft foundation, which includes the following steps: a position of the open caisson is determined; grouting is carried out to reinforce a foundation of the open caisson; an open caisson manufacturing site is leveled; sections of the open caisson are manufactured and installed; the step of sections of the open caisson are manufactured and installed is repeated until all the sections are manufactured and the open caisson subsides in place as a whole. The application is suitable for construction on soft soil, loss caused by the phenomenon of sudden subsidence may be avoided, and personal safety of constructors may be guaranteed.