Methods are provided for sequestering a pollutant gas of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) gas and/or hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) gas in a subterranean reservoir. In one method, a carrier gas containing pollutant-sorbent particles (e.g., nanoparticles) is pumped into the subterranean reservoir, the pollutant-sorbent particles attach to the subterranean reservoir, the pollutant gas is pumped into the subterranean reservoir, and the pollutant-sorbent particles attached to the subterranean reservoir adsorb the pollutant gas. In another method, pollutant gas is introduced into a carrier liquid containing pollutant-sorbent particles to produce a pollutant-rich carrier liquid, the pollutant-rich carrier liquid is pumped into the subterranean reservoir, and the pollutant-rich carrier liquid is allowed to remain in the subterranean reservoir. A modifier gas or modifier liquid may be injected into the subterranean reservoir to modify a condition in the subterranean reservoir and thereby cause the pollutant-sorbent particles to release the sequestered pollutant gas.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for producing and liberating hydrogen gas and sequestering carbon dioxide through sequential serpentinization and carbonation (mineralization) reactions conducted in situ via one or more wellbores that at least partially traverse subterranean geological formations having large concentrations of mafic igneous rock, ultramafic igneous rock, or a combination thereof.

The present invention provides a system and method to mineralize CO.sub.2 into peridotite rocks in a controlled and efficient manner removing carbon permanently from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide sequestration into peridotite rocks happens naturally by means of natural weathering. However, this process is so slow and might take thousands of years to transform considerable amount of CO.sub.2 into carbonate rocks. The present invention, however, shortens the time of mineralization considerably in a controlled and quantifiable manner. This is typically done by injecting CO.sub.2 into peridotite rock formation and creating an efficient reaction pathways and conditions for the mineralization reaction to happen and therefore store CO.sub.2 by conversion into magnesite (MgCO.sub.3) and calcite (CaCO.sub.3).

Injection of CO.sub.2 may be controlled and optimized, and CO.sub.2 plume leaks monitored in real time, using a controlled sleeve system deployed into a well, where the controlled sleeve system comprises a predetermined set of ports extending from an outer surface of a substantially tubular housing through to an inner annulus of the housing and one or more selectively actuated sliding sleeves configured to selectively open, occlude, and close the predetermined set of ports. One or more sensors configured to be deployed in the well may be present. A wireless remotely actuated flow controller disposed at least partially within the housing and operatively in communication with the sensor comprises a sleeve actuator controller operatively connected to the selectively actuated sliding sleeve and a sensor data acquisition module operatively in communication with the sensor. A communications module is operatively in communication with the wireless remote actuated flow controller. Power may be supplied via a power supply operatively in communication with the wireless remote actuated flow controller, the communications module, and the sensor. The controlled sleeve system is placed into communication with a surface control system disposed proximate a surface location of the well and CO.sub.2 injected into a geological formation of the well, at least partially through the controlled sleeve system. The surface system is used to selectively actuate the selectively actuated sleeve to selectively choke, occlude, and permit the flow of CO.sub.2.

Microfluidic structures and methods for manipulating fluids, fluid components, and reactions are provided. In one aspect, such structures and methods can allow production of droplets of a precise volume, which can be stored/maintained at precise regions of the device. In another aspect, microfluidic structures and methods described herein are designed for containing and positioning components in an arrangement such that the components can be manipulated and then tracked even after manipulation. For example, cells may be constrained in an arrangement in microfluidic structures described herein to facilitate tracking during their growth and/or after they multiply.

The present invention discloses a novel process for the mineralization of CO.sub.2 in mafic and ultramafic rocks or storage of CO.sub.2 in geological formations through the generation and use of nano-sized CO.sub.2 bubbles injected into a fluid-mixture.

A carbon-based gas extraction and storage system is described that includes a coal bed methane (CBM) energy production facility. A first well includes a first pump configured operate in an extraction mode in which methane from the CBM chamber is pumped from a CBM chamber, and convertible to an insertion mode in which CO2 is pumped into the CBM chamber. The second well extracts CBM from the CBM chamber. A controller controls the first pump to operate in the extraction mode and controllably switch to the insertion mode in which CO2 emissions from CBM processed by the CBM energy production facility are injected in the CBM chamber. Thus, first pump injects the CO2 emissions into the CBM chamber to assist in extraction of CBM and to permanently store the CO2 in the CBM chamber.

A power generation facility includes a process for capturing and sequestering CO2 generated from the facility turbines. The systems may include a heat recovery steam generator, a heat exchanger, a capture unit, and a sequestration compression unit that are configured to cool the flue gas, absorb CO2 therefrom, compress the flue gas, and send the compressed CO2 rich gas stream to sequestration of some form, thereby reducing the overall emissions from the facility.

A method comprises introducing a sequestration fluid through one or more injection wells into an underground reservoir containing at least one native fluid. Each injection well includes one or more injection well reservoir openings through which the sequestration fluid flows from the injection well into the underground reservoir. The method further comprises simultaneously or substantially simultaneously withdrawing a portion of the at least one native fluid through one or more withdrawal wells. Each injection well includes one or more withdrawal well reservoir openings through which the portion of the at least one native fluid flows from the underground reservoir into the withdrawal well. The one or more withdrawal well reservoir openings are proximate to the one or more injection well reservoir openings.

A method for the regulation of an installation for the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide includes a structure; a CO.sub.2 storage compartment, received in said structure; a device for injecting CO.sub.2 into a geological reservoir; an energy production device; and an energy storage device. The energy production device supplies a power that varies over time, between low, intermediate, and high states. When the power supplied is in the low state, the injection device is powered by the energy storage device; and when said power supplied is in the high state, the injection device is powered by the power generation device, to ensure a continuous injection of CO.sub.2 into the geological reservoir.