A metering system for a fuel atomizer includes a housing having a fuel inlet and an oxidizer inlet arranged coaxially, and an oxidizer metering device having a plurality of oxidizer channels, an oxidizer flow controller, and a fuel metering device. The oxidizer channels are spaced apart circumferentially in the housing and are arranged angled in at least one of a radially inward direction and a tangential direction to create a swirl of oxidizer flow in a mixing chamber of the fuel atomizer. The oxidizer flow controller is configured to control flow of oxidizer from the oxidizer inlet to the plurality of oxidizer channels. The fuel metering device is configured to control fuel flow from the fuel inlet to the mixing chamber.

A metering system for a fuel atomizer includes a housing having a fuel inlet and an oxidizer inlet arranged coaxially, and an oxidizer metering device having a plurality of oxidizer channels, an oxidizer flow controller, and a fuel metering device. The oxidizer channels are spaced apart circumferentially in the housing and are arranged angled in at least one of a radially inward direction and a tangential direction to create a swirl of oxidizer flow in a mixing chamber of the fuel atomizer. The oxidizer flow controller is configured to control flow of oxidizer from the oxidizer inlet to the plurality of oxidizer channels. The fuel metering device is configured to control fuel flow from the fuel inlet to the mixing chamber.

A fuel atomizer that includes a housing having a fuel inlet and at least one primary orifice positioned at the inlet, wherein the at least one orifice configured to disperse a stream of fuel into a plurality of fuel droplets. The plurality of fuel droplets contact a fuel impingement surface to break up the plurality of fuel droplets into a plurality of smaller secondary droplets and create a thin film of secondary droplets on the impingement surface. At least one pressurized air channel delivers an airflow into contact with the secondary droplets. The secondary droplets pass through a plurality of secondary outlet orifices to exit the housing. A size of the plurality of secondary droplets is reduced when passing out of the plurality of secondary orifices.

A metering system for a fluid atomizer includes a housing, first and second metering members, and at least one solenoid. The housing includes a mixing chamber. The first metering member is operable to control flow of a first fluid to the mixing chamber. The second metering member is arranged coaxial with the first metering member and operable to control flow of a second fluid to the mixing chamber. The at least one solenoid is configured to operate at least one of the first and second metering members.

A metering system for a fluid atomizer includes a housing, first and second metering members, and at least one solenoid. The housing includes a mixing chamber. The first metering member is operable to control flow of a first fluid to the mixing chamber. The second metering member is arranged coaxial with the first metering member and operable to control flow of a second fluid to the mixing chamber. The at least one solenoid is configured to operate at least one of the first and second metering members.

A reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head that has an inlet valve that can be supplied with combustion air from a cylinder inlet line connected to the inlet valve, comprising a pressure accumulator, out of which an additional medium that promotes the combustion in the cylinder can be supplied to the cylinder in a controlled manner, and an injection nozzle, via which fuel can be injected into the cylinder. The additional medium is a combustion air/fuel mixture according to the invention. The pressure accumulator is connected to the injection nozzle which has a nozzle needle, and the additional medium can be introduced into the cylinder in a controlled manner by means of the injection nozzle.

A reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head that has an inlet valve that can be supplied with combustion air from a cylinder inlet line connected to the inlet valve, comprising a pressure accumulator, out of which an additional medium that promotes the combustion in the cylinder can be supplied to the cylinder in a controlled manner, and an injection nozzle, via which fuel can be injected into the cylinder. The additional medium is a combustion air/fuel mixture according to the invention. The pressure accumulator is connected to the injection nozzle which has a nozzle needle, and the additional medium can be introduced into the cylinder in a controlled manner by means of the injection nozzle.

A metering system for a fluid atomizer includes a housing, first and second metering members, and at least one solenoid. The housing includes a mixing chamber. The first metering member is operable to control flow of a first fluid to the mixing chamber. The second metering member is arranged coaxial with the first metering member and operable to control flow of a second fluid to the mixing chamber. The at least one solenoid is configured to operate at least one of the first and second metering members.

A metering system for a fluid atomizer includes a housing, first and second metering members, and at least one solenoid. The housing includes a mixing chamber. The first metering member is operable to control flow of a first fluid to the mixing chamber. The second metering member is arranged coaxial with the first metering member and operable to control flow of a second fluid to the mixing chamber. The at least one solenoid is configured to operate at least one of the first and second metering members.

Methods and systems for controlling a pneumatic starter air valve of a gas turbine engine are described herein. The starter air valve is controlled in a first mode of operation by actuating a first solenoid of the starter air valve with a steady-state input signal. Passage of the steady-state input signal to a second solenoid of the starter air valve is allowed, to actuate the second solenoid and enable pressure regulation of the starter air valve. The starter air valve is controlled in a second mode of operation by actuating the first solenoid with a pulse-width modulation input signal. Passage of the pulse-width modulation input signal to the second solenoid is prevented, to disable the pressure regulation in the second mode of operation.