A shock absorber includes a cylinder including a working chamber therein; a rod configured to be axially movably inserted into the cylinder; and a plurality of tanks configured to be integrally attached to the cylinder, wherein an interior of one of the tanks is comparted into a liquid chamber configured to be communicated with the working chamber and filled with liquid and an air chamber filled with gas, and a sub-air chamber configured to be communicated with the air chamber is formed in the other tank.

An air spring assembly having pressure relief capability, where the air spring assembly includes a single air volume, or a multi-chamber air volume. When the air spring assembly is operating at a stiffer spring rate in combination with a setting to increase ground clearance, during certain road events, the air spring assembly is compressed, and the pressure in the air spring assembly increases. In order to not exceed the safe mechanical limits of the air spring assembly, the pressure is limited to a maximum value when full compression is achieved. The air spring assembly includes at least one valve, which is opened based on a cracking pressure, which is determined based on the mechanical limits of the air spring assembly. This facilitates the operation of the air spring assembly at settings to increase ground clearance of the vehicle, while allowing for pressure relief when the mechanical limit is reached.

A fuel injection system includes a fuel rail, and a damper that is disposed inside the fuel rail. The damper includes outwardly protruding first barbs formed integrally on one end of the damper and outwardly protruding second barbs formed integrally on an opposed end of the damper. The first barbs and the second barbs each engage the fuel rail inner surface, whereby the damper is located and retained within the fuel rail. The first barbs and the second barbs may be generally triangular in profile and each extend at an acute angle relative to the damper longitudinal axis. In addition, the first barbs and the second barbs are each oriented in the same direction relative to the longitudinal direction, whereby the damper is asymmetric when viewed in side view.

A fuel injection system includes a fuel rail, and a damper that is disposed inside the fuel rail. The damper includes outwardly protruding first barbs formed integrally on one end of the damper and outwardly protruding second barbs formed integrally on an opposed end of the damper. The first barbs and the second barbs each engage the fuel rail inner surface, whereby the damper is located and retained within the fuel rail. The first barbs and the second barbs may be generally triangular in profile and each extend at an acute angle relative to the damper longitudinal axis. In addition, the first barbs and the second barbs are each oriented in the same direction relative to the longitudinal direction, whereby the damper is asymmetric when viewed in side view.

The invention relates to a spring (1, 23) comprising at least one tensile body (2, 17, 71, 76) that can be subjected to tensile stress and/or at least one compressive body (37) that can be subjected to compressive stress, the spring also comprising a force-displacement conversion unit (3, 18, 24) for converting the force-displacement of the spring force F, said force-displacement conversion unit (3, 18, 24) having a moveable input control element (6, 19, 29), to which the spring force can be applied and a moveable output control element (7, 20, 30, 54, 60, 68, 72) which is operatively connected to the tensile body (2, 17, 71, 76) or to the compressive body (37) in such a way that the spring force F produces a tensile stress in the tensile body (2, 17, 71, 76) or a compressive stress in the compressive body (37) in a specific force-displacement conversion ratio.

An air spring assembly having pressure relief capability, where the air spring assembly includes a single air volume, or a multi-chamber air volume. When the air spring assembly is operating at a stiffer spring rate in combination with a setting to increase ground clearance, during certain road events, the air spring assembly is compressed, and the pressure in the air spring assembly increases. In order to not exceed the safe mechanical limits of the air spring assembly, the pressure is limited to a maximum value when full compression is achieved. The air spring assembly includes at least one valve, which is opened based on a cracking pressure, which is determined based on the mechanical limits of the air spring assembly. This facilitates the operation of the air spring assembly at settings to increase ground clearance of the vehicle, while allowing for pressure relief when the mechanical limit is reached.

An air spring comprises a hollow elastic sleeve, an end component for securing the air spring to a first frame, a hollow piston for securing the air spring to a second frame that is movable relative to the first frame, and a cylinder surrounding the hollow elastic sleeve to constrain the diameter of the hollow sleeve. A meniscus loop is formed adjacent the piston to define a major diameter of the air spring and thereby reduce the natural frequency of the air spring.

An impact absorbing device is disclosed for reducing a force exerted against a falling object upon impact of a falling object, the device comprising: a first layer including one or more baffles configured to undergo compression in response to the impact of the falling object, wherein pressure is increased as a result of restriction of air displacement and/or contents in the one or more baffles upon the compression of the one or more baffles and wherein increased pressure in the one or more baffles increases compression resistance of the one or more baffles causing the one or more baffles to exert a force which decelerates the falling object; and a second layer including one or more baffles layered on the one or more baffles of the first layer, wherein the one or more baffles of the second layer are configured to undergo compression in response to the compression of the one or more baffles of the first layer, wherein pressure is increased in the one or more baffles as a result of restriction of air displacement and/or contents in the one or more baffles upon the compression of the one or more baffles and wherein increased pressure in the one or more baffles increases compression resistance of the one or more baffles causing the one or more baffles into contact the first layer and exert a force which decelerates said falling object.

An impact absorbing device is disclosed for reducing a force exerted against a falling object upon impact of a falling object, the device comprising: a first layer including one or more baffles configured to undergo compression in response to the impact of the falling object, wherein pressure is increased as a result of restriction of air displacement and/or contents in the one or more baffles upon the compression of the one or more baffles and wherein increased pressure in the one or more baffles increases compression resistance of the one or more baffles causing the one or more baffles to exert a force which decelerates the falling object; and a second layer including one or more baffles layered on the one or more baffles of the first layer, wherein the one or more baffles of the second layer are configured to undergo compression in response to the compression of the one or more baffles of the first layer, wherein pressure is increased in the one or more baffles as a result of restriction of air displacement and/or contents in the one or more baffles upon the compression of the one or more baffles and wherein increased pressure in the one or more baffles increases compression resistance of the one or more baffles causing the one or more baffles into contact the first layer and exert a force which decelerates said falling object.

An air spring includes a bellow at least partially delimiting at least one working chamber that is constructed and arranged to be filled with compressed air. A guide tube surrounds at least a portion of the bellow. A bonding agent solely fixes a portion of the bellow to the guide tube. A piston is associated with the bellow. The bellow is constructed and arranged to roll with respect to an outer surface of the piston and an inner surface of the guide tube.