An economizer having a structure capable of efficiently warming water and facilitating inspection and cleaning is obtained.

In an economizer for warming water by combustion exhaust gas generated by a boiler, to a cylindrical water pipe in which an inflow port and an outflow port are formed on a side surface and through which the water passes, a plurality of gas pipes erected for circulating the combustion exhaust gas are arranged in corresponding fan-shaped portions of the water pipe. The combustion exhaust gas introduced from a bottom surface side of the water pipe folds back at an upper part of the water pipe and flows downward, then folds back at a lower part of the water pipe, flows upward, and flows out from an upper surface side of the water pipe, whereby the plurality of gas pipes efficiently warms the water in the water pipe.

An economizer having a structure capable of efficiently warming water and facilitating inspection and cleaning is obtained. In an economizer for warming water by combustion exhaust gas generated by a boiler, to a cylindrical water pipe in which an inflow port and an outflow port are formed on a side surface and through which the water passes, a plurality of gas pipes erected for circulating the combustion exhaust gas are arranged in corresponding fan-shaped portions of the water pipe. The combustion exhaust gas introduced from a bottom surface side of the water pipe folds back at an upper part of the water pipe and flows downward, then folds back at a lower part of the water pipe, flows upward, and flows out from an upper surface side of the water pipe, whereby the plurality of gas pipes efficiently warms the water in the water pipe.

A waste heat recovery boiler in producing glass beads includes an equipment base arranged at the lower part of the waste heat recovery boiler. The upper part of the equipment base is connected with a cylindrical combustion production chamber, the lower part of the combustion production chamber is provided with a raw material inlet with single-layer or staggered layers. A finished product outlet is arranged at the lower end inside the combustion diffusion chamber, a membrane wall is arranged outside the combustion diffusion chamber, a steam-water lead-out straight tube system is symmetrically arranged at the upper end of the combustion diffusion chamber, a top annular water collecting tank is connected between the steam-water lead-out straight tube system and a steam-water lead-out tube system, and the steam-water lead-out tube system is connected with an upper drum.

Provided is a boiler configured to perform heating by a heat generation section provided with heat generation bodies in a container and capable of properly charging a circulation path including, as part thereof, the inside of the container with required gas. A boiler includes: heat generation bodies; a container configured such that the heat generation bodies are provided inside and configured chargeable with gas with higher specific heat than that of air; and a circulation path including, as part thereof, the inside of the container, the circulation path being a path in which gas circulates. When the charging process of charging the circulation path with the gas is performed, a circulation amount and a gas concentration in the circulation path are monitored.

Solar/Rankine steam cycle hybrid concentrating solar power (CSP) systems and methods for designing or retrofitting existent natural circulation boilers using saturated or superheated steam produced by direct steam generation (DSG) or Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) steam generators and CSP solar field technology systems are described. Additionally, methods and processes of retrofitting the existent Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) or biomass, gas, oil or coal fired boilers to operate integrated to a molten salt/water-steam heat exchangers are disclosed. The hybrid CSP systems are highly efficient due to the increase of steam generated by a heating section comprising either the DSG receiver or the molten salt-water-steam sequential heat exchangers, heaters, boiler/saturated steam generators, super-heaters and re-heaters. The additional saturated, superheated and reheated steam produced is directed to a Rankine cycle according to its pressure, temperature and steam quality significantly reducing the fuel consumption within a cogeneration or Combine Cycle Power Plant.

A fuel cell system is disclosed. The fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell module including a plurality of unit cells for generating electrical energy by using oxygen of air and hydrogen of a reformed fuel gas; a first module including a burner part which burns an unreacted fuel gas and air discharged from the fuel cell module, an air-heating part which heats air through heat exchange with a hot combustion gas and a flame generated by the burner part and supplies the heated air to the fuel cell module, and a water vapor generation part which converts water, flowing through an inner portion thereof, into water vapor through heat exchange with a hot combustion gas generated by the burner part; and a second module which mixes a fuel supplied from an external fuel supply source and water vapor supplied from a water-vapor generator part.

A thermal energy storage system comprising a dome-shaped thermal storage medium, a power supply that provides electrical power to an electrical air heater, a heat exchanger, an air blower, a steam generator, a tower, and air return duct. The thermal energy storage system may be designed in such a way that air return ducts are used to allow heat to travel back to the thermal storage medium, thereby improving efficiency and reducing loss of heat or energy of the system.

Solar/Rankine steam cycle hybrid concentrating solar power (CSP) systems and methods for designing or retrofitting existent natural circulation boilers using saturated or superheated steam produced by direct steam generation (DSG) or Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) steam generators and CSP solar field technology systems are described. Additionally, methods and processes of retrofitting the existent Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) or biomass, gas, oil or coal fired boilers to operate integrated to a molten salt/water-steam heat exchangers are disclosed. The hybrid CSP systems are highly efficient due to the increase of steam generated by a heating section comprising either the DSG receiver or the molten salt-water-steam sequential heat exchangers, heaters, boiler/saturated steam generators, super-heaters and re-heaters. The additional saturated, superheated and reheated steam produced is directed to a Rankine cycle according to its pressure, temperature and steam quality significantly reducing the fuel consumption within a cogeneration or Combine Cycle Power Plant.

Provided is a boiler configured to perform heating by a heat generation section provided with heat generation bodies in a container and capable of properly charging a circulation path including, as part thereof, the inside of the container with required gas.

A boiler includes: heat generation bodies; a container configured such that the heat generation bodies are provided inside and configured chargeable with gas with higher specific heat than that of air; and a circulation path including, as part thereof, the inside of the container, the circulation path being a path in which gas circulates. When the charging process of charging the circulation path with the gas is performed, a circulation amount and a gas concentration in the circulation path are monitored.

A quenching system for a plant, operating a cracking furnace, works with liquid as well as gaseous starting materials. The quenching system includes a primary heat exchanger (PQE 10) and a secondary heat exchanger (SQE 11) and a tertiary heat exchanger. A TLX-D exchanger (TLX-D 26) is arranged and configured as the tertiary heat exchanger for dual operation. The TLX-D (26) is connected in series via a TLX-D gas feed line (24) to the SQE 11. The TLX-D (26) is connected to a steam drum (59), which is connected to a feed water line (49), via a TLX-D feed water drain line (34) and a TLX-D riser (46) and a TLX-D downcomer (38). The SQE 11 is connected to the steam drum (59), which is connected to the feed water line (49), via a TLX downcomer (52) and a TLX-riser (57).