A fuel cell system is disclosed. The fuel cell system comprises: a fuel cell module including a plurality of unit cells for generating electrical energy by using oxygen of air and hydrogen of a reformed fuel gas; a first module including a burner part which burns an unreacted fuel gas and air discharged from the fuel cell module, an air-heating part which heats air through heat exchange with a hot combustion gas and a flame generated by the burner part and supplies the heated air to the fuel cell module, and a water vapor generation part which converts water, flowing through an inner portion thereof, into water vapor through heat exchange with a hot combustion gas generated by the burner part; and a second module which mixes a fuel supplied from an external fuel supply source and water vapor supplied from an water-vapor generator part, allows a water vapor reformation reaction to occur, and supplies a reformed fuel gas to the fuel cell module.

The present invention provides an economizer 70 including a plurality of cylindrical heat transfer tubes 71a-71d extending along a crossing direction crossing a flowing direction of combustion gas and disposed at a predetermined disposition interval P along the flowing direction, the combustion gas and fluid flowing in the plurality of heat transfer tubes performing heat exchange, and a swirl preventing section 75 disposed in contact with a downstream side outer circumferential surface 71Aa-71Ad in the flowing direction of each of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 71a-71d and configured to prevent a swirl of the combustion gas from occurring near the downstream side outer circumferential surface 71Aa-71Ad.

Solar/Rankine steam cycle hybrid concentrating solar power (CSP) systems and methods for designing or retrofitting existent natural circulation boilers using saturated or superheated steam produced by direct steam generation (DSG) or Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) steam generators and CSP solar field technology systems are described. Additionally, methods and processes of retrofitting the existent Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) or biomass, gas, oil or coal fired boilers to operate integrated to a molten salt/water-steam heat exchangers are disclosed. The hybrid CSP systems are highly efficient due to the increase of steam generated by the solar section comprising either the DSG receiver or the molten salt-water-steam sequential heat exchangers, pre-heaters, boiler/saturated steam generators, super-heaters and re-heaters. The additional saturated, superheated and reheated steam produced is directed to a Rankine cycle according to its pressure, temperature and steam quality significantly reducing the fuel consumption within a cogeneration or Combine Cycle Power Plant.

A quenching system for a plant, operating a cracking furnace, works with liquid as well as gaseous starting materials. The quenching system includes a primary heat exchanger (PQE 10) and a secondary heat exchanger (SQE 11) and a tertiary heat exchanger. A TLX-D exchanger (TLX-D 26) is arranged and configured as the tertiary heat exchanger for dual operation. The TLX-D (26) is connected in series via a TLX-D gas feed line (24) to the SQE 11. The TLX-D (26) is connected to a steam drum (59), which is connected to a feed water line (49), via a TLX-D feed water drain line (34) and a TLX-D riser (46) and a TLX-D downcomer (38). The SQE 11 is connected to the steam drum (59), which is connected to the feed water line (49), via a TLX downcomer (52) and a TLX-riser (57).

A straight fin for a device for recovering the waste heat of raw coke oven gas in the ascension pipe of the coke oven includes the straight fin body and a group of V-shaped notches disposed on the straight fin body. The depth h of the V-shaped notches is less than the width H of the straight fin body. The distances between the adjacent V-shaped notches increase from bottom to top in the longitudinal direction of the straight fin body. The present invention further provides a heat recovering device and a power generation device both including the straight fins. Moreover, the width, the angle, and the distances in the longitudinal direction of the V-shaped notches at the top of the straight fin are determined according to the temperature field distribution during use of the device.

A quenching system for a plant, operating a cracking furnace, works with liquid as well as gaseous starting materials. The quenching system includes a primary heat exchanger (PQE 10) and a secondary heat exchanger (SQE 11) and a tertiary heat exchanger. A TLX-D exchanger (TLX-D 26) is arranged and configured as the tertiary heat exchanger for dual operation. The TLX-D (26) is connected in series via a TLX-D gas feed line (24) to the SQE 11. The TLX-D (26) is connected to a steam drum (59), which is connected to a feed water line (49), via a TLX-D feed water drain line (34) and a TLX-D riser (46) and a TLX-D downcomer (38). The SQE 11 is connected to the steam drum (59), which is connected to the feed water line (49), via a TLX downcomer (52) and a TLX-riser (57).

Solar/Rankine steam cycle hybrid concentrating solar power (CSP) systems and methods for designing or retrofitting existent natural circulation boilers using saturated or superheated steam produced by direct steam generation (DSG) or Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) steam generators and CSP solar field technology systems are described. Additionally, methods and processes of retrofitting the existent Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) or biomass, gas, oil or coal fired boilers to operate integrated to a molten salt/water-steam heat exchangers are disclosed. The hybrid CSP systems are highly efficient due to the increase of steam generated by the solar section comprising either the DSG receiver or the molten salt-water-steam sequential heat exchangers, pre-heaters, boiler/saturated steam generators, super-heaters and re-heaters. The additional saturated, superheated and reheated steam produced is directed to a Rankine cycle according to its pressure, temperature and steam quality significantly reducing the fuel consumption within a cogeneration or Combine Cycle Power Plant.

A straight fin for a device for recovering the waste heat of raw coke oven gas in the ascension pipe of the coke oven includes the straight fin body and a group of V-shaped notches disposed on the straight fin body. The depth h of the V-shaped notches is less than the width H of the straight fin body. The distances between the adjacent V-shaped notches increase from bottom to top in the longitudinal direction of the straight fin body. The present invention further provides a heat recovering device and a power generation device both including the straight fins. Moreover, the width, the angle, and the distances in the longitudinal direction of the V-shaped notches at the top of the straight fin are determined according to the temperature field distribution during use of the device.

The disclosure includes a water system that includes a feed water heat exchanger including a feed water heat exchanger above a water collection tank and a feed water heat exchanger/steam generator connected to the feed water heat exchanger. The feed water heat exchanger/steam generator includes a heat exchanger, coils, boiler burners, and emissions control. The water system includes a brine/waste water feed water heat exchanger positioned within brine/waste water tank enclosure, which includes a brine/waste water tank that is in fluidic connection with the feed water heat exchanger/steam generator. The water system includes a preheater in fluidic connection with the brine/waste water feed water heat exchanger, and a post-preheater heat exchanger enclosure including a post-preheater heat exchanger, post-preheater coils, post-preheater burner and post-preheater emissions control, the post-preheater heat exchanger in fluidic connection with the pre-heater. The water system includes a vapor removal device in fluidic connection with the post-preheater heat exchanger.

Provided is a boiler including a heat generation body, a container including the heat generation body, and a water pipe to be heated by heat generated by the heat generation body under environment where the inside of the container is filled with gas with higher specific heat than that of air.