A pressure and temperature probe of a gas turbine engine includes a base portion and an airfoil portion extending from the base portion to an end portion located at a distal end of the probe. The airfoil portion includes a leading edge located at an upstream end of the probe relative to a direction of airflow across the probe. A temperature sensor is located in a temperature sensor chamber located in the airfoil portion, and a temperature airflow hole in the end portion is configured to admit an airflow into the temperature sensor chamber around the temperature sensor. The temperature airflow hole is configured and positioned such that the airflow admitted via the temperature airflow hole has a turning angle of less than 90 degrees into the temperature sensor chamber.

A sensor device determines measured values of a property of a fluid, in particular of a gas, in a cavity of a gas turbine engine having a duct for carrying the fluid from the cavity to a sensor element. A data processing device is coupled to the sensor element and processes the measured values. The data processing device has a device for detecting changes in the measured values with respect to time, and an evaluation device, by which the changes in the measured values with respect to time can be detected. If there is a deviation in the changes in the measured values with respect to time from a predefined criterion, a signal relating to an at least partial blockage of the at least one inlet duct can be output. A measurement method is also disclosed.

An insertion-type probe main body for insertion into a pipe transporting gas and a method for making such an insertion-type probe main body are provided. The probe main body includes: an elongate upper tubular portion; an elongate lower tubular portion which is integral with and having a diameter smaller than the upper tubular portion; a bore which extends between the upper and lower tubular portions; and helical fins integrally formed on the lower tubular portion and which wind along and around an outer surface of the lower tubular portion and which overlap each other. A radial extension of the lower tubular portion plus helical fins corresponds to an external radius of the upper tubular portion, so that the helical fins extend in a streamline fashion from the upper tubular portion. Numerous other aspects are provided.

A method and system are provided with which it is possible to detect non-firing and untimely firing events in internal combustion and, if necessary, the temperature of the gas in the exhaust gas pipe. This is performed in general by measuring the speed of sound and determining the phase angle between the sender and receiver either arranged on different sides of the exhaust gas pipe or on the same side of the exhaust gas pipe. The receiver, depending on the measurement principle, can include one, two, or in special applications three receivers. Additionally, if necessary, it is possible to suppress the structure-borne sound influence on a speed of sound measurement with low cost and high stability.

A method comprises performing an analysis of airflow and temperature distribution in an indoor environment utilizing a hybrid turbulence model including a Chen-Xu model used for analysis of bulk flow and a wall function used in first grid cells bounding solid objects in the indoor environment and adjusting physical layout and/or operating parameters of heat producing electrical equipment and/or a cooling system of the indoor environment responsive to results of the analysis to improve one of temperature distribution within the indoor environment and operating efficiency of the cooling system of the indoor environment.

Systems and methods for measuring gas flux are provided. The method includes obtaining one or more of wind speed data, gas content data, temperature data and humidity data over a period of time, computing a plurality of different gas flux values for said period of time using a corresponding plurality of different flux calculation algorithms, wherein each of the plurality of different flux calculation algorithms uses one, some or all of the measured data types to calculate gas flux values for one or a plurality of sub-periods of said period of time, and for each of the one or the plurality of sub-periods, determining an optimal flux calculation algorithm of the plurality of different flux calculation algorithms based on one or more quality indicators; and outputting, for each of the plurality of sub-periods, one or more optimal flux calculation values corresponding to the optimal flux calculation algorithm for the sub-period.

A temperature sensor assembly for measuring a gas temperature in a gas flow stream includes a first substrate having a first surface configured to be connected to a thermally conductive structure in a gas path, a first temperature sensor mounted to the first substrate a first distance from the first surface, and a second temperature sensor mounted to the first substrate a second distance from the first surface. The second distance is less than the first distance. The first and second temperature sensors are arranged along a temperature gradient.

A temperature sensor assembly for measuring a gas temperature in a gas flow stream includes a first substrate having a first surface configured to be connected to a thermally conductive structure in a gas path, a first temperature sensor mounted to the first substrate a first distance from the first surface, and a second temperature sensor mounted to the first substrate a second distance from the first surface. The second distance is less than the first distance. The first and second temperature sensors are arranged along a temperature gradient.

A measuring device with at least one fluid channel for conveying a measuring fluid, wherein the fluid channel includes at least one inlet for the entry of the measuring fluid into the fluid channel and at least one outlet for the exit of the measuring fluid from the fluid channel. The fluid channel includes a diamond-shaped cross-section and includes a course from the at least one inlet to the at least one outlet over which the measuring fluid entering the fluid channel is deflected by at least 90° before the measuring fluid exits the fluid channel at the at least one outlet.

Technical equilibrium can be used to measure a single gas isotherm in a relatively fast and continuous manner rather than, for example, in a batch manner. Further, an expansion vessel can be used for successive desorption a multicomponent gas in combination with determining the composition of the multicomponent gas in combination with a calculation that provides both qualitative and quantitative information about the multicomponent gas. Moreover, a multicomponent gas can be flowed through an adsorbent bed and the and the flow of the multicomponent gas flow is shut off and isolated when equilibrium is reached.