Various embodiments include a method for determining the mixing ratio R of a fluid comprising a mixture of at least two different fluids for a technical process in a device comprising: irradiating an ultrasonic signal with a transmission level along a measuring distance running inside a measuring section; measuring a receiving level of the ultrasonic signal at one end of the measuring distance; determining an ultrasonic attenuation of the ultrasonic signal attenuated by the fluid based at least on the transmission and receiving levels of the ultrasonic signal; measuring a temperature of the fluid flowing through the measuring section; and determining a mixing ratio of the at least two different fluids from the determined ultrasonic attenuation and from the measured fluid temperature.

A flow meter records a flow rate and/or an amount of heat of a flowing fluid. A control and evaluation unit ascertains flow rate data and the fitting-dependent direction of through flow is automatically ascertained. A temperature measuring device has first and second temperature sensors for ascertaining a temperature difference between a feed temperature in the feed and a return temperature in the return. The fitting location of the first and second temperature sensors in the feed or the return is automatically ascertained by the control and evaluation unit on the basis of the temperature difference. The control and evaluation unit is automatically configured during first-time or re-installation of the flow meter such that the direction of flow through the meter is adapted to the fitted direction of through flow and/or the temperature sensors are assigned to the feed and the return, respectively.

A flow meter records a flow rate and/or an amount of heat of a flowing fluid. A control and evaluation unit ascertains flow rate data and the fitting-dependent direction of through flow is automatically ascertained. A temperature measuring device has first and second temperature sensors for ascertaining a temperature difference between a feed temperature in the feed and a return temperature in the return. The fitting location of the first and second temperature sensors in the feed or the return is automatically ascertained by the control and evaluation unit on the basis of the temperature difference. The control and evaluation unit is automatically configured during first-time or re-installation of the flow meter such that the direction of flow through the meter is adapted to the fitted direction of through flow and/or the temperature sensors are assigned to the feed and the return, respectively.

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to systems and methods to evaluate performance of a fluid transport system. Towards this end, a performance report of the fluid transport system can be generated by estimating various performance parameters at an outlet of a heat exchanger in lieu of using sensor data obtained directly from the outlet of the heat exchanger. Specifically, in one exemplary implementation, sensor data is obtained from an inlet of the heat exchanger and an outlet of a downstream element that is coupled to the heat exchanger, for estimating the various performance parameters at the outlet of the heat exchanger. The estimated performance parameters can then be combined with empirical data and predictive data for generating the performance report of the fluid transport system.

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to systems and methods to evaluate performance of a fluid transport system. Towards this end, a performance report of the fluid transport system can be generated by estimating various performance parameters at an outlet of a heat exchanger in lieu of using sensor data obtained directly from the outlet of the heat exchanger. Specifically, in one exemplary implementation, sensor data is obtained from an inlet of the heat exchanger and an outlet of a downstream element that is coupled to the heat exchanger, for estimating the various performance parameters at the outlet of the heat exchanger. The estimated performance parameters can then be combined with empirical data and predictive data for generating the performance report of the fluid transport system.

A method of controlling cooling water treatment may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling waterfouling issues. Multiple potential causes of the perceived fouling issues can be evaluated to determine a predicted cause. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the predicted cause of the fouling.

A method of controlling cooling water treatment may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling waterfouling issues. Multiple potential causes of the perceived fouling issues can be evaluated to determine a predicted cause. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the predicted cause of the fouling.

The duplex calorimeter, connected between a first and a second demand sides to measure a caloric heat energy between the demand sides, includes a first pipe connected to the first demand side, a second pipe connected to the second demand side, first and second branch pipes, branched into two directions between the first pipe and the second pipe, a first flow rate measuring part measuring a flow rate of the heat energy in the first branch pipe, a second flow rate measuring part measuring a flow rate of the heat energy in the second branch pipe, a temperature measuring part measuring a temperature of the heat energy in either branch pipe, and a calculating part calculating the caloric value based on the flow rate measured by the first flow rate measuring part or the second flow rate measuring part and the temperature measured by the temperature measuring part.

The duplex calorimeter, connected between a first and a second demand sides to measure a caloric heat energy between the demand sides, includes a first pipe connected to the first demand side, a second pipe connected to the second demand side, first and second branch pipes, branched into two directions between the first pipe and the second pipe, a first flow rate measuring part measuring a flow rate of the heat energy in the first branch pipe, a second flow rate measuring part measuring a flow rate of the heat energy in the second branch pipe, a temperature measuring part measuring a temperature of the heat energy in either branch pipe, and a calculating part calculating the caloric value based on the flow rate measured by the first flow rate measuring part or the second flow rate measuring part and the temperature measured by the temperature measuring part.

Systems and methods for monitoring emissions of a combusted gas are provided. The method includes determining a first net heating value of a flare gas. The method also includes determining a second net heating value of a combustion gas including the flare gas. The second net heating value can be determined based upon the first net heating value and a volumetric flow rate of the flare gas. Based upon the value of the second net heating value, an empirical model or a non-parametric machine learning model can be selected. A combustion efficiency of the combustion gas can be determined using the selected model, the second net heating value, and selected ones of the process conditions and the environmental conditions. Total emissions of the combustion mixture can be further determined from the combustion efficiency and a volumetric flow rate of the combustion gas.