A circuit for analog-digital conversion, which includes a first connection and a second connection and a third connection and a fourth connection for connecting a sensor, an analog-digital converter (ADC), whose first input is connected to the first connection and whose second input is connected to the second connection, a first current source circuit for outputting a first output current, a first switching device for the switchable connection of the first current source circuit to the first connection or to the third connection, a current source/sink circuit for outputting a second output current, a second switching device for the switchable connection of the current source/sink circuit to a reference potential or to the second connection, and a third switching device for the switchable connection of the reference potential to the second connection or to the fourth connection.

A multi-core thermocouple includes a plurality of wires, an insulation core surrounding the plurality of wires, a sheath surrounding the insulation core, and a plurality of electrical junctions. The plurality of electrical junctions may include a first electrical junction formed between a first wire of the plurality of wires and the sheath at a first axial mid-section of the multi-core thermocouple, the first electrical junction including a first swaged axial mid-section of the sheath and a second electrical junction formed between a second wire of the plurality of wires and the sheath at a second, different axial mid-section of the multi-core thermocouple, the second electrical junction including a second swaged axial mid-section of the sheath.

A state detection sensor is provided with a first sensor unit, a second sensor unit, an intermediate insulation sensor disposed between the first sensor unit and the second sensor unit. The first surface of the intermediate insulation layer is joined to the second wiring of the first sensor unit. The second surface of the intermediate insulation layer is joined to the third wiring of the second sensor unit. The first sensor unit and the second sensor unit are electrically connected in series in a state where a polarity of thermoelectrormotive force produced in the first sensor unit and a polarity of thermoelectromotive force produced in the second sensor unit are in mutually opposite polarity relationship when a heat flow passes through the first sensor unit and the second sensor unit in the same direction.

The temperature sensor can have a core having a length extending between two ends, the core having a cavity extending along the length, a wire extending in the cavity, along the length, the wire fixed at both ends, the core having a transversal aperture at an intermediary location between the ends, the transversal aperture leading into the cavity, and a potting filling a portion of the cavity and supporting the wire at the intermediary location of the transversal aperture.

A heater system is provided, which includes a plurality of heaters, a controller for supplying power to the plurality of heaters, a plurality sets of auxiliary wires extending from the plurality of heaters, and a wire harness for connecting the plurality sets of auxiliary wires to the controller. Each set of auxiliary wires includes three wires, two of the three wires being made of different materials and being joined to form a thermocouple junction, such that each of the plurality of heaters is operable to function as both a heater and a temperature sensor.

A temperature control system and a driving method thereof, and a liquid crystal apparatus are provided. In the temperature control system, an input voltage adjustment circuit is respectively coupled to a control signal output end of a control circuit, a power signal output end, and an input end of a signal amplification circuit, and is configured to control the signal strength of a basic electrical signal transmitted to the input end of the signal amplification circuit under the control of a control signal output from the control signal output end; the signal amplification circuit is configured to output a corresponding target electrical signal to a heating element according to the basic electrical signal, and the heating element is configured to adjust the heating temperature according to the target electrical signal; a temperature sensing circuit is respectively coupled to the heating element and the control circuit, and is configured to convert a sensed sensing signal into a feedback signal and transmit the feedback signal to the control circuit; and the control circuit is configured to control the control signal output from the control signal output end according to the received feedback signal.

A sensor module includes a first contact, a second contact, and a sensing element made from an iono-conductive material having a conductivity that varies at least in response to variations in an environmental factor. The sensing element is electrically coupled to the first contact and to the second contact, and a first resistance of the sensing element, measured between the first contact and the second contact, varies in response to the variations in the environmental factor.

Embodiments of a device and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a calibration circuit for a temperature sensor circuit includes a current source configured to generate a temperature independent reference current and further includes a voltage window generator circuit. The voltage window generator circuit is configured to generate a voltage window for the temperature sensor circuit using at least the temperature independent reference current. The voltage window is defined by a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage. The voltage window generator circuit is further configured to control a width of the voltage window to include a range of proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) voltage outputs of a temperature sensor in the temperature sensor circuit.

The present disclosure provides a temperature detection system arranged in a temperature detection device, and a charging device thereof. The temperature detection system includes a power supply, a Bluetooth chip configured to detect a temperature of an object to be measured, output detection pulses and including a thermistor module that is configured to detect an ambient temperature of the object to be measured to obtain an intermediate temperature value, and a pulse temperature sensor arranged around the Bluetooth chip. The Bluetooth chip is configured to receive the detection pulses, determine a final temperature value according to the intermediate temperature value and number of the detection pulses per unit time, and convert the final temperature value into Bluetooth signals to output. The present disclosure can ensure detection redundancy and improve detection accuracy, by providing two temperature detections to calculate the final temperature value according to a preset software program.

A heat amount measuring method includes a first step of providing a heat-transferring component that transfers and receives heat to and from a heating component and measuring, while the heating component is generating heat, a first heat amount of heat transmitted from the heating component to the heat-transferring component, a first heating component temperature, and a first substrate temperature, a second step of changing an output of the heat-transferring component and measuring a second heat amount of heat transmitted from the heating component to the heat-transferring component, a second heating component temperature, and a second substrate temperature, and a third step of calculating a heat amount of heat transmitted from the heating component to a substrate by using the first heat amount, the first heating component temperature, the first substrate temperature, the second heat amount, the second heating component temperature, and the second substrate temperature.