A temperature in an electric machine is determined based on temperature-dependent output values of a first temperature sensor and of a second temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor has a characteristic curve having a plurality of characteristic curve branches, wherein each characteristic curve branch is associated with a specific temperature range. The output value of the second temperature sensor is used to select a characteristic curve branch; the output value of the first temperature sensor is used to determine the temperature from the selected characteristic curve branch.

A sensor device includes at least one sensor, a digital signal processor and an amplifier. The at least one sensor is configured to measure a variable physical quantity and provide a raw sensor signal at an output of the at least one sensor. The digital signal processor is configured to preprocess the raw sensor signal output by the at least one sensor into a sensor signal and to further process the sensor signal into a pulse-width-modulated output signal having a duty cycle that is dependent on the measured quantity using a plurality of device-specific correction parameters stored in a memory to convert the sensor signal into the pulse-width modulated output signal. The amplifier is configured to convert the pulse-width modulated output signal into an analog voltage or current signal.

A sensor device includes at least one sensor, a digital signal processor and an amplifier. The at least one sensor is configured to measure a variable physical quantity and provide a raw sensor signal at an output of the at least one sensor. The digital signal processor is configured to preprocess the raw sensor signal output by the at least one sensor into a sensor signal and to further process the sensor signal into a pulse-width-modulated output signal having a duty cycle that is dependent on the measured quantity using a plurality of device-specific correction parameters stored in a memory to convert the sensor signal into the pulse-width modulated output signal. The amplifier is configured to convert the pulse-width modulated output signal into an analog voltage or current signal.

Provided is a thermistor sintered body which stably provides a desired B constant even if a composition deviation of an additive element has occurred. The thermistor sintered body-includes a Y.sub.2O.sub.3 phase and a YMnO.sub.3 phase, wherein a chemical composition of Cr, Mn, Ca and Y excluding oxygen includes Cr: 3 mol % or less (while including 0%), Mn: 5 to 18 mol %, Ca: 1 to 18 mol %, and Sr: 1 to 25 mol %, with the balance being unavoidable impurities and Y. In the thermistor sintered body, Ca and Sr may be dissolved in the YMnO.sub.3 phase.

A temperature sensor includes a sensing element and a load. Multiple different currents pass through the sensing element in a sequential manner. Based on each current that passes through the sensing element, the sensing element outputs a complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) voltage and another current. Further, the currents that pass through the sensing element and the currents that the sensing element output separately pass through the load and result in the generation of multiple load voltages across the load. A current density ratio of the temperature sensor is determined based on the load voltages generated across the load. Further, a temperature value indicative of a temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is generated based on the current density ratio and the CTAT voltages outputted by the sensing element based on the different currents that pass therethrough.

A temperature sensor includes a sensing element and a load. Multiple different currents pass through the sensing element in a sequential manner. Based on each current that passes through the sensing element, the sensing element outputs a complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) voltage and another current. Further, the currents that pass through the sensing element and the currents that the sensing element output separately pass through the load and result in the generation of multiple load voltages across the load. A current density ratio of the temperature sensor is determined based on the load voltages generated across the load. Further, a temperature value indicative of a temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is generated based on the current density ratio and the CTAT voltages outputted by the sensing element based on the different currents that pass therethrough.

A temperature detecting apparatus includes a thermistor; a resistor connected in series to the thermistor: a temperature detector connected to a first node between the thermistor and the resistor; and a switch circuit including a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch. The first switch and the third switch are connected in series, the second switch and the fourth switch are connected in series, the first switch and the second switch are connected to a power side, the third switch and the fourth switch are connected to a ground side, the thermistor is connected to a second node between the first switch and the third switch, and the resistor is connected to a third node between the second switch and the fourth switch.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for correcting a temperature sensing signal of an IGBT temperature sensing device which outputs only a temperature sensing signal having a voltage value equal to or higher than a preset voltage value, by using an output limiting diode. The apparatus includes: a calculating part configured to calculate a conduction current value of the output limiting diode by using the resistance of an NTC thermistor included in the IGBT temperature sensing device; a determining part configured to determine a drop voltage value of a voltage drop occurring in the output limiting diode based on the conduction current value; and a correcting part configured to correct the temperature sensing signal by increasing the voltage of the temperature sensing signal output from the IGBT temperature sensing device by the drop voltage value.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for sensing the temperature of a refrigerator having a deep freezer compartment. A voltage value outputted from a temperature sensing unit is amplified according to a predetermined amplification ratio. Thereby, when a temperature is measured within the same temperature range, the range of voltage values output from the temperature sensing unit may be significantly widened. The temperature sensing apparatus is particularly adapted for temperature sensing of a deep freezer compartment, which has a temperature lower than a typical refrigeration compartment or freezer compartment.

A temperature voltage generator includes a control voltage generation circuit configured to receive a reference voltage and to output a control voltage that changes according to temperature, a temperature voltage generation circuit configured to amplify the control voltage and to output a temperature voltage that changes according to temperature, and a linear compensation circuit connected to the control voltage generation circuit and configured to improve the linearity of the temperature voltage.