Provided is a temperature derivation method for deriving an oil film temperature of a lubricant in a device, the temperature derivation method including a measurement step of measuring a dielectric constant of the lubricant by applying an alternating voltage while changing a frequency to an electric circuit configured by the device, a derivation step of 5 applying the dielectric constant measured in the measurement step to a theoretical formula to derive a relaxation time of the lubricant, and a calculation step of calculating the oil film temperature by using the relaxation time.

A semiconductor device comprises a control unit, a semiconductor memory, a reference capacitance unit, a determination capacitance unit, a calibration circuit configured to supply a selection signal to the reference capacitance unit to selectively connect capacitors to differing potentials, and a determination circuit configured to charge a capacitance of the reference capacitance unit, to charge a capacitance of the determination capacitance unit, and to attain a comparison result by comparing the differing potentials. The control unit is configured to control rewriting of the semiconductor memory on the basis of a determination result of the determination circuit.

A temperature sensor includes a polymer layer, a relative permittivity of the polymer layer varying in accordance with temperature, the polymer layer being formed of a flexible material; at least one first electrode disposed on one surface of the polymer layer; at least one second electrode disposed on another surface of the polymer layer; and a measuring unit configured to measure a temperature of an object based on capacitance of at least one region between the first electrode and the second electrode that are separated by the polymer layer, the first electrode being closer than the second electrode to a surface of the object that contacts the temperature sensor.

Electrical or electronic control device has an electrical or electronic assembly, which includes a printed circuit board composed of an electrically insulating carrier material, electrically conductive conductor tracks formed on the printed circuit board, and electrical or electronic modules connected to the printed circuit board and via the conductor tracks. A coating is applied at least in sections to the electrical or electronic assembly. The coating includes at least the following layers: a first electrical conductor layer, a second electrical conductor layer, a dielectric layer arranged between the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer, an insulator layer applied to the second conductor layer in such a way that the second conductor layer is arranged between the dielectric layer and the insulator layer. An evaluation unit is connected to the conductor layers and detects a change in capacitance of the coating.

A method of sensing a temperature includes providing a voltage to reverse bias a PN junction of a junction diode. The PN junction has a junction capacitance. The method includes providing a reverse bias voltage change across the PN junction and detecting a value of the junction capacitance in response to the reverse bias voltage change. The value of the junction capacitance is a function of a temperature of the PN junction. An output signal is generated based on the detected junction capacitance, where the output signal indicates a temperature of an environment containing the junction diode.

A method for monitoring a line is done in a simple manner by feeding test pulses and determining any interference on the test pulses by reflected portions of the same test pulses. In a normal state of the line, the measuring pulses have a transit time which is known in advance due to the predetermined length of the line, and the respective reflected portions of the measuring pulses are generated which propagate in an opposite direction to the measuring pulses. A deviation of the transit time from a previously known transit time, and a deviation from the normal state are recognized in dependence on the overlay.

A semiconductor device includes first and second electrode pads for externally connecting two electrodes of a sensor capacitor that has a capacitance that changes according to an environmental change. The semiconductor device further includes a capacitor having a pair of electrodes, one of the pair of electrodes being connected to the first electrode pad, a capacitance circuit having a reference capacitance, and a determination circuit that includes first and second relay terminals. The determination circuit is configured to send a charging current from the first relay terminal to the other electrode of the capacitor and send a charging current from the second relay terminal to the capacitance circuit, and determine whether or not the size of a potential of the first relay terminal is greater than the size of a potential of the second relay terminal, thereby determining whether a capacitance of the sensor capacitor has changed or not.

A method for monitoring a line for a change in ambient conditions. The line includes a measurement line of a predetermined length which has a measuring conductor enclosed in an insulation with a known dielectric coefficient. An analog signal of defined frequency is generated and injected at a feed site. The signal is reflected at a predetermined reflection site and a resulting signal amplitude is measured at a defined measuring point. A measure for the ambient condition, particularly a temperature, is determined from the signal amplitude.

The disclosure relates to a method for controlling an assembly comprising multiple switchable electrochromic individual panes, to set a transmittance individually in each case for these by a respective electrical actuation signal, wherein respective data of the state at the time of each individual pane are recorded by a control device and a configuration of the respective actuation signal is established in each case for each individual pane on the basis of the state data. The configurations of the actuation signals are thereby made to match one another in such a way that the individual panes have preferably the same transmittance value.

A sensor line for detecting an external influence on a cable is described. The sensor line comprises: a capacitor, a first dielectric, which has a first compressibility and a first permittivity, and a second dielectric, which has a second compressibility and a second permittivity. The first compressibility is smaller than the second compressibility. The first permittivity differs from the second permittivity. The sensor line is configured so that at least the second dielectric is compressible or extensible in the event of a movement of the sensor line, so that a total permittivity, which is composed of the first permittivity and the second permittivity, is variable in the movement of the sensor line. Due to the change in total permittivity, a change in the capacitance of the capacitor can be produced, which is detectable, in order to detect the external influence on the cable.