An apparatus for measuring a pressure of battery cells includes a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure of battery cells stacked in the interior of a battery module, the pressure sensor includes a plurality of pressure measuring units, a connection unit for connecting the plurality of pressure measuring units to each other, and an output unit connected to the connection unit and configured to output pressure values measured through the pressure measuring units, and the plurality of pressure measuring units are arranged on surfaces of the battery cells to measure the pressure of the battery cells.

A pressure sensor for a pipe includes: a flexible strip; at least one strain sensing element; and a tensioning device. A first end of the flexible strip passes through a second end of the flexible strip. Between the first end of the flexible strip and the second end of the flexible strip, the flexible strip includes the at least one strain sensing element. The pressure sensor is attachable to the pipe. The first end of the flexible strip extends through or past the second end of the flexible strip. The tensioning device tensions the pressure sensor around the pipe.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses are provided for detecting and determining conditions of and conditions within a fluid conduit.

A submersion sensor for detecting submersion in a fluid is disclosed. The submersion sensor includes at least one float member and at least one sink member. The submersion sensor includes force sensors positioned at distal ends of each of the at least one float member and the at least one sink member. Further, the submersion sensor includes a controller. The controller determines submersion of the submersion sensor upon obtaining signals from the force sensors corresponding to opposite directional movement of the at least one float member and the at least one sink member in the fluid.

An electromechanical sensor includes: an elastic carrier arranged to extend when subjected to an external mechanical load; a sensing sheath arranged at least partially around and along the elastic carrier; wherein the sensing sheath includes an electrically resistive element having a first electrical resistance operable to change upon a change of a dimension of the elastic carrier.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses are provided for detecting and determining conditions of and conditions within a fluid conduit.

As a wellbore is extended into a formation, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures change due to variations in drilling mud weight, fluid density, etc. Strain gauges downhole measure forces experienced by drilling equipment. During drilling, a strain gauge measures strain applied between the drill string and the formation. When off bottom, the strain gauge measures forces experienced by the drill string other than drilling forces. A pressure calculator converts off bottom strain gauge measurements into measurements of hydrostatic pressure for periods without fluid flow (i.e., when drilling motors are paused) and into measurements of hydrodynamic pressure for periods with fluid flow (i.e., when mud motors are operating). The pressure calculator correlates strain measurements (usually in voltages) to pressure based on a predetermined relationship for a given wellbore geometry (e.g., hole diameter, drill bit diameter, drill pipe diameter, etc.).

In order to produce accurate sensor element in a simple way, the invention provides a method for producing a sensor element (10) for a pressure or force sensor, comprising the steps:

a) providing a component (13) to be deformed,

c) applying to the component (13) a sensor function and contact layer (24) consisting of a material with a k-factor between 2 and 10,

d) planar ablation of the material of the sensor function and contact layer (24) by means of a laser, in such a manner that strain gauges (44) with a resistance structure with a meandering shape and contact pads (46.1, 46.2, 46.3, 46.4) remain standing,

wherein, for ablating the material, laser pulses from the group of laser pulses comprising:

laser pulses in the sub-ps range,

laser pulses from a broadband laser source (28) with a wavelength bandwidth of 10 nm to 70 nm

laser pulses from a broadband laser source (28) with a fundamental wavelength and a wavelength bandwidth of at least 1%, preferably at least 2%, most preferably at least 3% of the fundamental wavelength,

laser pulses compressed by a pulse compression process, and

laser pulses conducted through a hollow-core fiber.

are used.

A system includes a safety system having one or more valves configured to block a flow of fluid from a source to a destination, a non-invasive pressure measurement system having a plurality of non-invasive pressure sensors configured to monitor a pressure of the fluid without directly contacting the fluid, and a controller configured to receive feedback from the non-invasive pressure measurement system and to adjust a position of the one or more valves of the safety system based on the feedback.

A pressure capsule/header assembly for a process fluid pressure transmitter is provided. An isolator plug has an isolation diaphragm at a first end thereof and a second end spaced from the first end. The isolator plug has a fill fluid passageway fluidically coupling the first end to the second end. A header has a first end configured to carry a pressure sensor and a second end spaced from the first end. The header has at least one electrical interconnect extending from the first end to the second end. A biaxial support ring is disposed about an outer surface of the header. The biaxial support ring and the header define a tapered interference interface therebetween. The header is welded to the isolator plug at a first weld and the biaxial support ring is welded to the isolator plug at a location that is spaced from the second end of the header.