A method is provided for determining whether post-weld heat treatments should be required for external attachment welds in applications where stress corrosion cracking is a possibility. According to the method, residual stress values are measured in test samples welded at high input heat levels and test samples welded at low input heat levels for a variety of different wall thickness. A threshold residual stress level is determined according to a method of selecting a common pipe used in industry and measuring the residual stress level in the longitudinal seam of the pipe. The measured residual stress values for the high and low heat input welds are compared against the threshold to determine whether for a particular wall thickness, the high and low input data exceeds the threshold, indicating whether post-weld heat treatments are required.

A method is provided for determining whether post-weld heat treatments should be required for external attachment welds in applications where stress corrosion cracking is a possibility. According to the method, residual stress values are measured in test samples welded at high input heat levels and test samples welded at low input heat levels for a variety of different wall thickness. A threshold residual stress level is determined according to a method of selecting a common pipe used in industry and measuring the residual stress level in the longitudinal seam of the pipe. The measured residual stress values for the high and low heat input welds are compared against the threshold to determine whether for a particular wall thickness, the high and low input data exceeds the threshold, indicating whether post-weld heat treatments are required.

The invention consists of a methodology for calculating the service life of flexible tubes subject to the SCC-CO.sub.2 phenomenon, in which the methodology allows establishing the criticality level of each duct within the scope of the phenomenon, allowing the establishment of actions for the most critics. In addition, another important gain with the development of the methodology is related to the fact that it enables safe operation even in a degraded pipe.

The invention consists of a methodology for calculating the service life of flexible tubes subject to the SCC-CO.sub.2 phenomenon, in which the methodology allows establishing the criticality level of each duct within the scope of the phenomenon, allowing the establishment of actions for the most critics. In addition, another important gain with the development of the methodology is related to the fact that it enables safe operation even in a degraded pipe.

An inspection device and method produces a deformation in a panel body and reveals a defect in the panel body. A base and a collar define a chamber. A vacuum device connects with the chamber for evacuating the chamber after the panel body is positioned adjacent to the collar and deflects the panel body into the chamber for propagating the defect in the panel body.

An inspection device and method produces a deformation in a panel body and reveals a defect in the panel body. A base and a collar define a chamber. A vacuum device connects with the chamber for evacuating the chamber after the panel body is positioned adjacent to the collar and deflects the panel body into the chamber for propagating the defect in the panel body.

A separator is placed on a surface of a substrate to prepare a test piece. A puncturing tool is stuck into the separator, from a side of the test piece opposite to where the substrate is placed, in a thickness direction of the separator. An electrical resistance between the puncturing tool and the substrate is measured. The separator is evaluated based on a magnitude of a load applied to the puncturing tool at the time when the electrical resistance has decreased to a predetermined value. Each of the substrate and the puncturing tool is electrically conductive.

A surface stress sensor in which a surface of a membrane includes a receptor forming region that is a region including the center of the surface and an exterior region that is a region located closer to a holding member than the receptor forming region, that includes a forming region-side recess/protrusion pattern that is formed in the receptor forming region and is formed with a pattern in which a plurality of protruding portions or a plurality of recessed portions continue, and in which the forming region-side recess/protrusion pattern is a pattern having a degree of roughness that allows a solution to be present in gaps formed by the plurality of protruding portions or the plurality of recessed portions forming the forming region-side recess/protrusion pattern.

A method including acquiring measurements representing torque applied to a connection between a first tubular and a second tubular, a rotational position of the first tubular relative to the second tubular, or both, obtaining a plurality of make-up parameters representing conditions under which the connection is fully made, generating a plurality of rules for connection evaluation based on the make-up parameters, and automatically evaluating the connection using a computer. Automatically evaluating includes applying machine learning, the plurality of rules, or a combination thereof to a dataset of the measurements. The method also includes recommending accepting or rejecting the connection based on the automatic evaluation.

A method including acquiring measurements representing torque applied to a connection between a first tubular and a second tubular, a rotational position of the first tubular relative to the second tubular, or both, obtaining a plurality of make-up parameters representing conditions under which the connection is fully made, generating a plurality of rules for connection evaluation based on the make-up parameters, and automatically evaluating the connection using a computer. Automatically evaluating includes applying machine learning, the plurality of rules, or a combination thereof to a dataset of the measurements. The method also includes recommending accepting or rejecting the connection based on the automatic evaluation.