Disclosed is a sensor and method for detecting one or more gasses in a sample. The sensor includes two sample tube sections, which allow for a larger sample, and correspondingly, more accurate measurement. Having two sample tube sections increases the total length of the sample path. However, placing the sample tube sections in parallel allows for the performance of the sensor to be enhanced, but the footprint of the sensor to remain unchanged. Light pipe material may be used to transport the light between sample tube sections. Further, light pipe material may be used to move the IR lamp away from the first filter tube section, reducing problems in the thermopile by dissipating heat from the IR lamp away from the sample tube section.

One example provides a system for reading birefringent data. The system comprises one or more light sources, a first polarization state generator positioned to generate first polarized light from light of a first wavelength band output by the one or more light sources, a second polarization state generator positioned to generate second polarized light from light of a second wavelength band output by the one or light sources, an image sensor configured to acquire an image of the sample region via the first polarized light and the second polarized light, a polarization state analyzer disposed between the sample region and the image sensor, a first bandpass filter configured to pass light of the first wavelength band onto the image sensor, and a second bandpass filter configured to pass light of the second wavelength band onto the image sensor.

A preparation method for preparing spectrometric determinations of a measurand in a target application using a spectrometer is provided. On the basis of reference data recorded in the target application, a normalized measurand master spectrum with a spectral distribution characteristic of the measurand is determined. On the basis of the measurand master spectrum, synthetic spectra are generated which cover a value range greater than or equal to a value range covered by the reference values. On the basis of the synthetic spectra, information for carrying out the spectrometric determinations, including information comprising a property, a wavelength range, and/or a path length range for an optical path length suitable for carrying out the spectrometric determinations, and/or comprising a calculation rule, with which, on the basis of measurement spectra in the target application, measured values of the measurand are determined.

A blood coagulation analyzer comprises: a light irradiation unit configured to apply light onto a container configured to store a measurement specimen containing a sample and a reagent, and comprising: light sources including a first light source configured to generate light of a first wavelength for blood coagulation time measurement, a second light source configured to generate light of a second wavelength for synthetic substrate measurement, and a third light source configured to generate light of a third wavelength for immunonephelometry measurement; and optical fiber parts facing the respective light sources; a light reception part configured to receive light transmitted through the container; and an analysis unit configured to analyze the sample using an electric signal outputted from the light reception part.

One example provides a system for reading birefringent data. The system comprises one or more light sources, a first polarization state generator positioned to generate first polarized light from light of a first wavelength band output by the one or more light sources, a second polarization state generator positioned to generate second polarized light from light of a second wavelength band output by the one or light sources, an image sensor configured to acquire an image of the sample region via the first polarized light and the second polarized light, a polarization state analyzer disposed between the sample region and the image sensor, a first bandpass filter configured to pass light of the first wavelength band onto the image sensor, and a second bandpass filter configured to pass light of the second wavelength band onto the image sensor.

One example provides a system for reading birefringent data. The system comprises one or more light sources, a first polarization state generator positioned to generate first polarized light from light of a first wavelength band output by the one or more light sources, a second polarization state generator positioned to generate second polarized light from light of a second wavelength band output by the one or light sources, an image sensor configured to acquire an image of the sample region via the first polarized light and the second polarized light, a polarization state analyzer disposed between the sample region and the image sensor, a first bandpass filter configured to pass light of the first wavelength band onto the image sensor, and a second bandpass filter configured to pass light of the second wavelength band onto the image sensor.

One example provides a system for reading birefringent data. The system comprises one or more light sources, a first polarization state generator positioned to generate first polarized light from light of a first wavelength band output by the one or more light sources, a second polarization state generator positioned to generate second polarized light from light of a second wavelength band output by the one or light sources, an image sensor configured to acquire an image of the sample region via the first polarized light and the second polarized light, a polarization state analyzer disposed between the sample region and the image sensor, a first bandpass filter configured to pass light of the first wavelength band onto the image sensor, and a second bandpass filter configured to pass light of the second wavelength band onto the image sensor.

A gas sensor is used for determining a concentration of a predetermined gas in a measurement volume. The gas sensor comprises a light source and a detector arranged to receive light that has passed through the measurement volume. During a first measurement period, the detector is used to make a first measurement of an amount of light received in at least one wavelength band which is absorbed by the gas. The first measurement is compared to a predetermined threshold value. If the threshold is crossed, during a second measurement period the detector is used to make a second measurement of an amount of light received in at least one wavelength band which is absorbed by the gas. The concentration of said gas in said measurement volume is calculated using the first and/or second measurement.

Disclosed is a sensor and method for detecting one or more gasses in a sample. The sensor includes two sample tube sections, which allow for a larger sample, and correspondingly, more accurate measurement. Having two sample tube sections increases the total length of the sample path. However, placing the sample tube sections in parallel allows for the performance of the sensor to be enhanced, but the footprint of the sensor to remain unchanged. Light pipe material may be used to transport the light between sample tube sections. Further, light pipe material may be used to move the IR lamp away from the first filter tube section, reducing problems in the thermopile by dissipating heat from the IR lamp away from the sample tube section.

An optical analysis tool includes an integrated computational element (ICE). The ICE includes a first hollow-core fiber. The first hollow-core fiber has a structure configured such that a spectrum of light guided by the first hollow-core fiber is related, over a wavelength range, to a characteristic of the sample.